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HIS5C - Midterm W23
Intro to the Bible Handout Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Torah | A Hebrew word meaning "law," referring to the first five books of the Old Testament. |
| Nevi'im | "Prophets"; the second section of the Hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books |
| Ketuvim | "Writings"; the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works |
| TaNaK | the Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions--the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings |
| Pentatuech | Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy |
| Septuagint | Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible |
| Fertile Crescent | A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates |
| Levant | The eastern Mediterranean region |
| Canaan | The promised land |
| 586 BCE | Babylonians destroy Jerusalem and First Temple -- Jews captive to Babylon |
| 70 CE | Destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans |
| Primeval Narratives | Stories about the origin of humanity. (Genesis 1-11) |
| Enuma Elish | The Babylonian creation myth |
| Tiamut | Mesopotamian. Goddess of chaos. Personified as the ocean/snake. Defeated by Marduk. |
| Marduk | A Mesopotamian deity, chief god of the city of Babylon |
| Hesiod's Theogony | traces the origin and descent of the gods (Greek) |
| Plato's Symposium | The subject of Eros, or Love, is discussed from a variety of angles and purposes; the culmination of the discussion is Socrates' remembrance of a conversation he had with a prophetess named Diotima, who gave Socrates a mystical vision of the purpose and u |
| Tetragrammaton | the Hebrew name of God transliterated in four letters as YHWH or JHVH and articulated as Yahweh or Jehovah. |
| Henotheism | Belief in one primary God and many secondary ones |
| Noahide Covenant | Never flood the earth again, marked with bow in the sky (rainbow) |
| P source | Priestly source |
| E source | Elohist, God is more abstract, Emphasis on the Northern kingdom, 850 BC |
| D source | Deuteronomic source |
| J source | Uses YHWH for God. Colorful stories and an anthropomorphic God. Where Israel came from, why Israel is important to God, and God's promise to Abraham. |
| R source | Redactor: editor. Put all of this text together into a structured book. Didn't read the text literally |
| Sarai/Sarah | first OT matriarch; Abraham's wife and mother of Isaac |
| Hagar | Abraham's concubine who conceives and bears Ishmael |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Lot begged God to look for any good in Sodom, but was met with the breaking of the laws of ancient hospitality. Before it was destroyed, Lot and his wife were advised by God to leave the city immediately and not look back. Lot's wife submitted to temptati |
| Zenia | generosity, manners, hospitality |
| Jacob | grandson of Abraham, son of Isaac and Rebekah, brother of Esau, and the traditional ancestor of Israelites. His name was changed to Israel, and his 12 sons became the 12 Tribes of Israel. |
| Esau | The elder of Isaac and Rebekah's sons. Jacob took his birthright by tricking Isaac at the advice of Rebekah. |
| Story of Sinuhe | Official, hears of plot to kill king Amenemhat I, fear for own life and flees to Canaan, returns to homeland years later and is accepted. |
| Victory Stele of Merenptah | An engraved stone slab which describes the Pharoah's military victories in 1200 BCE. |
| Hyksos | A pastoral group of unknown ethnicity that invaded Egypt and ruled in the north from 1650 to 1535 BCE. Their dominance was based on their use of horses, chariots, and bronze technology |
| King Sargon | Created the first empire (Mesopotamia) |
| Song of the Sea | oldest story in scripture where Moses splits the sea (Exodus 15) |
| Syncretism | A blending of two or more religious traditions |
| Asherah | Canaanite goddess of fertility. Consort of Baal |
| Casuistic Law | case law |
| Apodeictic Law | a law that is set out in the form of a command or prohibition, such as "You shall..." or "You shall not..." |
| Decalogue | Ten Commandments |
| Code of Hammurabi | the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety |
| Lex Talionis | eye for an eye |
| Lamech | A descendant of Cain. The first bigamist. His revenge demonstrates how far evil had developed in the world. |
| Holiness Code | Name given to Leviticus 17-27, a section of the Law devoted to right living outside the tabernacle. |
| Phineas | old man who told Jason what would happen and Zeus wanted to punish him; Harpies swoop down and spoil anything he tried to eat so he would die of starvation |
| Deuteronomic Code | If you keep the covenant (worship only Yahweh and love your neighbor as yourself) then Yahweh will have your back and things will go well; if you do not keep the covenant, then Yahweh will allow (or cause) terrible, horrible things to happen to you. |
| Levite | Members of the tribe of Levi, who would be the priests for the rest of Israel. |
| Yom Kippur | Jewish Day of Atonement- fasting and reflecting on one's sins |
| Manna | Bread from heaven - "What is it?" |
| Shema | a prayer from the Book of Deuteronomy reminding the Jewish people to love God with all their heart, soul, and strength |
| Deuteronomistic History | Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings |
| Joshua | Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land |
| Jericho | An ancient and strategically vital city in Canaan, the first major city to be captured by the Israelites. "The walls of..." |
| Rahab | prostitute that hid two spies from Joshua; helps Joshua take over Jericho; is spared by Joshua for hiding his spies |
| Othniel | Israel's first judge |
| Benjaminites | "Lawless" tribe; story of Levite woman |
| Jeraboam and Rehoboam | Kings of Israel and Judah, respectively, during the beginning period of the Divided Kingdom |
| Omri | Moved capital to new city of Samaria |
| Ahab | The wicked king of Israel. Led by his Phoenician wife Jezebel, he established the cult of Baal and persecuted the worshipers of the True God. |
| Hezekiah | The reforming king of Judah who temporarily returned Judah to the pure worship of God |
| Josiah | Faithful King of the Southern Kingdom of Judah, discovered a book in the Temple (Book of Deuteronomy) and implemented reforms to recommit the people to the covenant with God and to eliminate worship of false gods. |
| Jehoiachin | Jehoiakim's son - only 18 when made king |
| Nebuchadnezzar takes him to Babylon | |
| Zedekiah | Last king of Judah before Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and the temple in 586 BC |
| Ark of the Covenant | An ornate box that held the tablets of the Law. It represented God's throne on earth. |
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