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Mesopotamia
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Mesopotamia | "land between the rivers" region within the Fertile Crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
Fertile Crescent | an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began |
cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another |
city-state | an early city that was like a small, independent country with its own laws and government |
dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family |
empire | a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government |
social class | a group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living |
artisan | A skilled craftsperson |
slave | a person who is owned by someone |
polytheism | belief in many gods |
monotheism | belief in one god |
silt | A mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming |
ziggurat | a pyramid-shaped structure with a temple at the top |
irrigation | a system that supplies dry land with water through ditches, canals, pipes, or streams |
Hammurabi | Ruler of Babylon; created Hammurabi's code |
Sargon | leader of the Akkadians who overran the Sumerian city-state and set up the first empire |
Nebuchadnezzar | Rebuilt Babylon after the Assyrian destroyed it and built the Hanging Gardens |
primary source | A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. firsthand evidence of an event in history |
secondary source | Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event a document or written work created after an event Provides information gathered from or based on other sources |
scribe | a person who writes things down |
cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. |
descendants | offspring |
10 Commandments | moral code of laws, written by god and given to Moses |
Abraham | Founder of Judaism; made the first covenant with God |
covenant | an agreement |
patriarchy | A form of social organization in which men dominate or rule |
Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord) | What A.D. stands for |
Before Christ | What B.C. stands for |
barter | trade |
civilization | A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes |
Gilgamesh | A legendary figure (king) in Sumerian literature |
fertile | Able to produce good crops |