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Age of Exploration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of a colony | A colony is a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control |
| What is mercantilism? | A set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century |
| Who were the conquistadors? | Spanish Conquerers |
| Definition of the balance of trade | The balance of trade is the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time |
| What did Encomienda allow the Spanish to do? | Gave the right to use Native Americans as laborers (Slaves) |
| What was the motivation behind European expansion? | God Gold Glory |
| What areas did Portugal control regarding trade? | Brazil, Goa, Ormuz, Malacca, Kochi, the Maluku Islands, Macau, and Nagasaki. (Western India) |
| What did the Treaty of Tordesillas give Spain control of? | The line of Demarcation granted the west to Spain and the east to Portugal |
| What Spanish warrior fought against the Aztecs? | Hernan Cortes |
| Where did the English establish colonies? | The Atlantic Coast. Virginia, Massachusetts, etc. |
| What crops, including sugarcane, were introduced to Europe? | Wheat, barley, rye, sugar, bananas, yams, citrus fruit, coffee, rice, and tobacco |
| What are some of the specifics of the Middle Passage? | The portion of the triangular trade in which the slaves would travel. The conditions were awful as many of them would die on the travel. |
| What was the triangular trade? | A pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents |
| What is Ashanti? | Ashanti was a major Empire that is located in the now Ghana. It was a west African state that was known for its major product, gold. |
| What were plantations? | Large agricultural estates that often depended on slavery to provide the labor they needed |
| What were traditional African political systems? | Monarchy was a common form of government. Most had small principalities that linked them to kinship or other loyalties |
| What were some of the impacts of the slave trade on Africa? | Tragic effects on individuals and their families. Depopulation leads to the loss of the youngest and strongest men and women. Increased warfare and instability in the region. |
| Who are some of the empires in Africa that were devastated by Europeans and who were those European countries? | South Africa, Southern and Northern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe and Zambia), Angola, Mozambique, and South West Africa (Namibia) were all African countries that were devastated by the European countries: Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and Italy. |
| What were some of the religious influences in North and West Africa and where did they come from? | Islam and Christianity |
| Who supplied the slaves from Africa to the Europeans? | European ships. Portugal etc |
| What were the specifics of the Spice Islands? | In the 16th century, the Moluccas were nicknamed the "Spice Islands". This was due to the large number of aromatic plants that grew on this archipelago. Subsequently, the islands were an important strategic base for the highly profitable spice trade. |
| Who was the Islamic sultanate in the Malay Peninsula? | The Kedah Sultanate |
| What area of Southeast Asia holds Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, and Cambodia? | Indochinese/Mainland |
| What was the dominant new religion in Burma and Vietnam? | Theravada Buddhism |
| What is bureaucracy? | A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. |
| What title did the head of state hold in the Malay Peninsula? | The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, also known as the Supreme Head or the King |
| What are some of the specifics of the Buddhist style of kingship? | Buddhist kingship refers to the beliefs and practices with regard to kings and queens in traditional Buddhist societies, as informed by Buddhist teachings |
| Why was European influence stronger in the Malay Peninsula? | These states did not have strong, central monarchies. |
| What was the island of Java used for and by what country? | It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies |
| What was the Portuguese present in Southeast Asia limited to? | The Portuguese presence in Asia was responsible for what would be the first of many contacts between European countries and the East |
| Who was Afonso? | Afonso de Albuquerque was a Portuguese conqueror who constructed a port at Goa, on the western coast of India |
| Who was John Cabot? | John Cabot, a Venetian, explored the New England coastline for England |
| What was Benin? | The Kingdom of Benin was in the western region of Africa. It was known for its lively trade. Benin was changed from a brilliant society to a corrupt and brutal place by the slave trade. |
| What was the Gold Coast? | Gold Coast is a former British colony in West Africa known today as the Republic of Ghana. In the transatlantic slave trade era, Europeans identified the region as the Gold Coast because of the large supplies of and market for gold that existed there. |
| Where was the only port for England in the spice market? | Somewhere in Africa. Possibly Egypt |
| Where did the Dutch establish a port in 1619? | Point Comfort, today's Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia |
| What was significant about Vasco da Gama's discovery of a route to India? | Vasco da Gama rounded the cape of good hope and across the Indian Ocean to India, took a cargo of spices, and returned to Portugal to make a huge profit. |
| What are some specifics of Christopher Columbus? | Christopher Columbus was a 15th and 16th-century explorer credited for connecting the Old World and the New World. Born in Genoa, Italy, in 1451, Columbus made his way to Spain, where he gained support from the Spanish monarchy |
| What is commercial capitalism? | Commercial capitalism can be defined as a type of economic and political system that was essentially based on the concepts of capital, value, labor, and capitalization |
| Who settled in the Hudson River valley? | The Dutch were the first colonists of the region following the "discovery" of the river by its present namesake Henry Hudson in 1609 |
| What society of eastern Nigeria produced more slaves than any of the continent? | The Ibo Society |
| What were slaves brought to the Americas for? | They were needed for the planting of sugarcane |
| Who was Amerigo Vespucci? | Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine, had several voyages and wrote letters describing the lands he saw, which led to the use of the name Americas, for Amerigo |
| What was the New Netherlands? | New Netherlands was the first Dutch colony in North America. Later renamed New York |
| Who wrote "The Travels" | Marco Polo |
| Who was Prince Henry the Navigator | A navigator who sponsored fleets probing the southern coast of Africa. This led to them finding a new source of gold. |
| What is significant about Bartholomeu Dias? | He rounded the tip of Africa, called the Cape of Good Hope, in search of a route to India |
| What did the compass show? | The direction moving. North, East, South, West |
| How was the astrolabe used? | Used the sun or stars to show latitude |
| What were caravels? | Maneuverable and could carry heavy cannons and more goods |
| Where did Columbus explore upon reaching the Americas? | The island of Hispaniola and the coastline of Cuba. |
| What is the significance of Francisco Pizarro? | He led an expedition in South America and took control of the Incan Empire in the Peruvian Andes |
| What was the first permanent settlement in The Americas and who was it founded by? | Quebec. Founded by Samuel de Champlain |
| What are tariffs? | Taxes. |
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