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World History 2
Exam 1 Jensen TMU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Scientific Revolution | 1550-1700 |
| Spain's Armada is defeated around the British Isles | 1588 |
| The English Civil War | 1642-1649 |
| Rule of Louis XIV- the "sun king" in France | 1643-1715 |
| Glorious Revolution in England (William and Mary) | 1688-1689 |
| The Enlightenment Period or "age of reason" | c. 1700-1800 |
| "heart of the Great Awakening; era of Jonathan Edwards/George Whitefield | c. 1730s-1740s |
| The Seven year's war (part of the French an Indian War in North America) | 1756-1763 |
| James Watt's steam engine and beginning of the Industrial Revolution | c. 1765 |
| The American Revolution | 1775-1783 |
| Cottage Industry | "Domestic System" |
| the first/main cottage industry | textiles |
| Deists | essentially established their own religion with "rational" ethics as its core |
| Great Britain | comprised of England, Scotland, and Wales |
| Holy Roman Empire | consisted of mostly German speaking provinces some nobles/areas belonged to the HRE, but regarded themselves as autonomous |
| Philosophes | French word for "philosophers" became agitated and engaged for change |
| Salons | evening receptions for discussion |
| Thomas Hobbes | author of Leviathan -in this literature....people give thair power to an absolute authority (the Leviathan) |
| United Kingdom | area of Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) plus Ireland |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | asserted a heliocentric (sun-centered) theory |
| Ivan IV "the terrible" | czarist autocracy (unlimited authority) |
| Charles I (of Spain) and V (of HRE) | he abdicates (steps down) the Habsburg empire was divided |
| Spanish ruler Phillip II | had a zeal for Roman Catholicism |
| English ruler Elizabeth I | promoted religious peace by the Elizabethan settlement |
| Defeat of the Spanish Armada | Phillip II regarded military action against England as a holy crusade (against "heretical/illegitimate" queen) Elizabeth's speech at Tillbury-"over my dead body"- rallies forces |
| Edict of Nantes | granted religious toleration/freediom for Huguenots |
| Netherlands | aka Holland |
| Low Countries | Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg |
| English ruler James I | granted charters for the establishment of colonies in North America |
| The Dutch Republic | Dutch/Netherlands/Holland could be considered "cutting edge" the Fluyt and a modern republic |
| Dutch global trading network | the Dutch trading empire (East and West Indies) |
| West Indies | Caribbean |
| East Indies | Indonesia |
| The Dutch during the decline of Spain and rise of France/England | had a "golden age" |
| Thirty years' wars | fought largely in Germany over religious, dynastic, and territorial concerns |
| Francis Bacon | inductive reasoning |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Richelieu's principle: "Raison d'état" of reason of state" which supersedes any moral violations |
| English ruler Charles I | dissolved parliament many times attempted to impose the Anglican liturgy on Scotland |
| Galileo | silenced by the inquisition |
| The English Civil War | civil war between Charles I and the King's Cavaliers vs. Parliament (roundheads) Charles agrees to accept Presbyterianism in England |
| Victorious force of the English Civil War | Oliver Cromwell (Puritan leader of Parliamentary forces) and the New Model Army |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | European powers all vied (competed) for control of the slave trade voyage across the Atlantic was termed the "Middle Passage" |
| peace of Westphalia (treaties) | ends the thirty years' war German areas were devastated |
| Interregnum | the time between kings (Oliver Cromwell's rule) |
| Restoration of monarch in England | King Charles II was invited back to restore the English throne after an exile in France |
| French ruler Louis XIV | most effective system of Absolutism in France |
| Absolutism | all power concentrated in the hands of the ruler no limits on the ruler's power- "responsible only to God" |
| Mercantilism | goal: increase national wealth state regulation of industry/commerce was necessary believed in a finite amount of world wealth increase precious metals (bullions) with in a country encouraged colonialism |
| Louis XIV | known as the "Sun King" |
| Louis' palace | versailles |
| Louis XIV's errors | absolutism- the misery of the 95% |
| Russian ruler Peter the Great | Built St. Petersburg from scratch city was to be a "window on the sea" wanted to Westernize Russia |
| Isaac Newton | came up with laws of physics and universal gravitation |
| naturalism as a worldview | only take into account natural elements/forces-one level of reality |
| Glorious revolution of England | acknowledged the supremacy of parliament |
| Enlightenment | "age of reason" criticized monarchial/clerical absolutism human reason became the best method for learning truth (not revelation) God's sovereignty was rejected |
| John Locke | a clean slate or tabula rasa (no original sin or ideas) |
| Montesquieu | separation of powers |
| Voltaire | father of the enlightenment |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | general will (that which is best for the community) |
| Adam Smith | the value of labor is determined by market forces |
| War of Spanish succession | the balance of power concept balance of power politics became the guiding principle of modern diplomacy |
| British ruler George I | German House of Hanover developing institution of the cabinet- prime minister |
| Prussia | controlled by the Hohenzollern dynasty ambitious and most militaristic state in Europe |
| The Seven years' war | fought in North America, Europe, and India |
| Seven years' war in North America | France battled Britain for Supremacy (The French and Indian war) |
| Prussia at end of Seven years' war | considered a major European power |
| consequence of Seven years' war | drained the British treasury |
| estates | French society divided into three orders legally defined groupings- essentially a class system |
| 1st estate | church |
| 2nd estate | nobles |
| 3rd estate | commoners (bourgeoisie, urban laborers, peasants) |
| bourgeoise | France had a social system that valued birth more than "talent" (bourgeoise resent this) |
| immediate cause of the French Revolution | practical bankruptcy of the state |
| underlying causes of the French Revolution | inefficient and unjust tax system philosophical ideas about the rights of man |
| The French Revolution- three phases: moderate, radical, conservative | 1789-1799 |
| Napoleon defeated at Waterloo and the congress of Vienna ends | 1815 |
| Slavery abolished throughout most of the British empire | 1833 |
| Irish potato famine (c. 1.5 million died- c. 2 million emigrated) | 1845-1851 |
| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels issue Communist Manifesto | 1848 |
| Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay (1st visit) | 1853 |
| Charles Spurgeon pastor of New Park Street Chapel (later Met. Tab) | 1854 |
| Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species | 1859 |
| Unification completed in both Germany and Italy | 1871 |
| Age of Western Imperialism (its great rise) | 1880-1914 |
| Albert Einstein | mathematician and physicist |
| Congress of Vienna | international peace conference |
| Nationalism | a conscious bond marked by shared glories/suffering the nation gives meaning to the individual's life and actions Nationalism became a dominant force in 19th century European life |
| slogan of the French Revolution | liberty, equality, fraternity |
| meeting of the estates general | Louis forced to call the estates general |
| 3rd Estate | took an oath (tennis court oath) not to disband until France had a new constitution |
| Riots in Paris | Paris mob stormed the Bastille (prison) |
| October days | "fish women" walk to Versailles and the Monarchy are taken to Paris |
| abolishing monarch | king Louis is guillotined |
| Sans-Culottes | wore pants- wanted equality with the upper bourgeoisie |
| CPS | committee of public safety |
| factions in the National Convention (Jacobins v. Girondins) | armed sans-culottes surrounded the national convention (FR Government) and demanded the arrest of the Girding delegates |
| Reign of Terror | CPS effectively a temporary dictatorship dominating the CPS was Maximilien Robespierre Marie Antoinette guillotined effort made to replace traditional Christianity |
| Terror ends | execution of Robespierre Jacobin republic dismantled FR leadership to the property-owning bourgeoisie |
| Napoleon seizes power | in a coup |
| French Navy defeated | defeated by Great British Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar |
| Continental system | bar countries under French control from buying goods from GB- it failed |
| Napoleon invades Russia | his forces victims of deception |
| Napoleon exiled | to Elba |
| Napoleon escapes Elba | returns to France dared the King's forces to shoot their "emperor" |
| Napoleon defeated at Waterloo | British Duke of Wellington defeat Napoleon |
| Napoleon's rule | eliminating liberty of the press religious peace-toleration for Jews/Protestants provided a unified and efficient system of law economically aided France |
| Industrial Revolution | refers to the shift from an agrarian economy to machine manufacturing |
| first industrial revolution | began in Great Britain |
| James Watt | the steam engine |
| Eli Whitney | cotton gin |
| Transport | Railroads-possibly the most important element |
| proletariat | urban, industrial working class |
| effect on urbanization | industrialization accelerated urbanization |
| Romanticism | hallmarks: emotion, feelings, experience, and imagination |
| Realism | representation of people/things as they are |
| Realism authors | Jane Austen Charles Dickens-social concerns |
| Liberalism | freedom of the individual |
| G. W. F. Hegel | advocated the Dialectic: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis all reasoning (ideas) proceeds from a concept, to another contradictory concept, which gives way to a third concept that transcends and synthesizes both earlier concepts |
| Hegel | existence of the Absolute Spirit which manifests itself as the Zeitgeist (spirit of the age) |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | proclaimed that "God is dead" |
| Socialism | the means of production are owned not by private individuals, but by the community |
| Many forms of socialism | exist in theory and in practice all communists are socialists, but not all socialists are communists |
| Marxism | school of scholasticism based on the writings of Karl Marx |
| Communist Manifesto | published by Marx called for a working-class revolution to overthrow the capitalist system quote- "Workingmen of all countries, unite!" |
| the essence of history according to communism | violence and struggle |
| outcome of commmunism | no need for state, would eventually wither away |
| Marxist economics | economic forces alone will not explain all of history marxists have not been able to sustain a viable communist economic system |
| Simon Bolivar | (aka the Liberator) -Venezuelan patriot/statesmen |
| Suffrage extensions | Great Britain gave voting rights |
| Victorian Age | reign of queen Victoria- began rule at age 18 |
| first opium war | China |
| Irish Potato Famine | the crop failed c. 1.5 million people died and c. 2 million people emigrated |
| Mexican American War | Mexico lost nearly half its territory |
| Taiping rebellion | massive civil war in China |
| Matthew Perry's Expedition | Japan |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | the last shogun excluded most foreigners |
| Shogun | commanded the military- hereditary dictator |
| Daimyo | Japan's feudal lords, vassals of the Shogun |
| Samurai | warrior retainers of the Daimyo |
| Sepoy Rebellion (aka Indian Mutiny) | in India uprising against British rule- GB wins |
| sepoys | native indian soliders |
| Otto von Bismarck | becomes prime minister of Prussia known as the "Iron Chancellor" and is associated with Realpolitik |
| Realpolitik | politics based on practical and material factors (power/self-interest) |
| Cinco de Mayo | Mexican forces defeated the French troops |
| Meiji Restoration | revolution in Japan |
| Sectionalism | a problem after the Italian Unification |
| Franco-Prussian war | French forces decisively defeated began 2nd Reich of the DT empire |
| results of Franco- Prussian war | Germany's annexation of Alsace-Lorraine |
| Age of Western Imperialism | often would involve domination of political, economic, and cultural life focus of the era- Africa/Asia |
| African territory held by non-Africans | German, British, French, Belgian |
| motives for Imperialism | Economic Nationalism "White man's burden"-paternalistic mission to spread Western culture to others |
| German- rule of Kaiser William II | supported building a navy to rival GB |
| 19th Century Russia | different compared to Western Europe the middle class remained tiny |
| Boxer Rebellion | anti- Western uprising in China international force suppressed the uprising |
| "dollar diplomacy" | describes the nature of US actions in latin America |
| Russo-Japanese War | Russian/Japanese rivalry- Russia loses |
Created by:
Gracie Cook
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