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2.2 - 2.3 terms
vocab biomed
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alleles | One of two or more DNA sequences occurring at a particular gene locus. |
| autosomes | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. we have 22 |
| benign | (of a disease) not harmful in effect. |
| centromere | a constricted region of a chromosome and plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis). |
| chromatid | each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
| deletion mutation | a type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA |
| DNA | The molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism. |
| dominant allele | the relationship between two versions of a gene |
| eukaryotic | any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. |
| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 250 people and increases the likelihood of having coronary heart disease at a younger age. |
| frameshift mutation | a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read |
| gene | The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child |
| genome | The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| gestational diabetes | a condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood during pregnancy, typically resolving after the birth. |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| insertion mutation | A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA |
| karyotype | an individual's complete set of chromosomes. |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | A procedure that uses radio waves, a powerful magnet, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body |
| malignant | Malignant can mean harmful or intended or intending to cause harm like cancer |
| meiosis | A special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell's nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm |
| metastasis | The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body. |
| mitosis | process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
| mutation | Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell |
| Nondisjunction | the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei. |
| nucleotides | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
| pedigree | A diagram of family history that uses standardized symbols |
| phenotype | The observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes |
| plan of care | presentation of information that easily describes the services and support being given to a person. |
| point mutation | a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence. |
| polymerase chain reaction | a method of making multiple copies of a DNA sequence, involving repeated reactions with a polymerase. |
| prognosis | The likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence. |
| protein | A molecule made up of amino acids. |
| protein synthesis | the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes. |
| punnett square | a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given |
| recessive allele | A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual |
| restriction enzyme | a protein isolated from bacteria that cleaves DNA sequences at sequence-specific sites, producing DNA fragments with a known sequence at each end. |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA |
| sex chromosomes | Females have 2 X chromosomes. Males have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome. |
| silent mutation | occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein. |
| ultrasound imaging | ses high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body |
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