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Everest Mod D
Everest - Lymphatic System Structures and Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lymphatic system is comprised of? | spleen, thymus, lymph-nodules, channels, ducts, nodes, lymph and lymphocytes |
| The lymph system plays a part in the digestive system by? | absorbing fats from the small intestine |
| Fluid around the cells is called? | interstitial fluid |
| Interstitial fluid is called what when it enters the lymph capillaries? | lymph |
| Lymph contains less protein and far fewer red and white blood cells than? | blood plasma |
| Lymph carries plasma proteins and absorbed fats from the gastrointestinal system to? | the bloodstream |
| What are tiny open ended channels located in tissue spaces throughout the body? | lymph capillaries |
| Lymphatic capillaries are located everywhere except? | brain, spinal cord and cornea |
| The lymphatic system begins? | blind in the interstitial spaces |
| What prevents fluid from returning to the interstitial space? | a flap valve |
| The two main ducts are the? | right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct) |
| The right lymphatic duct drains the? | the upper right half of the body |
| The right lymphatic duct empties into the? | right subclavian vein |
| The left lymphatic duct drains the? | all the body except the upper right half |
| The thoracic duct empties into the? | left subclavian vein |
| What are small, round structures located along the lymph vessels? | lymph nodes |
| For the most part lymph nodes cluster where? | at the joints |
| Superficial lymph nodes are most numerous in? | the groin, axillae and neck |
| Deep lymph nodes are found where? | alongside blood vessels in the pelvic, abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| All lymph passes through at least one lymph node before it reaches where? | the bloodstream |
| As lymph passes through a lymph node it can activate what? | immune function |
| Lymph nodes produce mature? | lymphocytes |
| Production of lymphocytes increases in nodes when? | lymphatic flow increases |
| How can one increase lymphatic flow? | lymphatic drainage techniques |
| During periods of infection the nodes can become? | swollen and painful |
| Preauricular lymph nodes are located where? | just in front of the ear |
| Preauricular lymph nodes drain what? | superficial tissues and skin on lateral side of head and face |
| Submental and submaxillary nodes are located where? | in the floor of the mouth |
| Submental and submaxillary nodes drain what? | lymph from the nose lips and teeth |
| Cervical nodes are located where? | at the neck |
| Superficial cubital or supratrochlear nodes are located just above what? | the bend of the elbow |
| Superficial cubital or supratrochlear nodes drain lymph from? | the forearm |
| Axillary nodes are located where? | deep in the underarm and upper chest |
| Axillary nodes drain what part(s) of the body? | arm, upper part of thoracic wall , including the breast |
| Inguinal nodes are located where? | in the groin |
| Inguinal nodes drain? | the leg and external genitals |
| Popliteal nodes are where? | behind the knee |
| What is the largest lymphoid organ? | the spleen |
| Where is the spleen located? | near the stomach under the diaphragm |
| Macrophages in the spleen filter out ____ and destroy ______ in the blood? | worn out red blood cells, microorganisms |
| The spleen serves as a reservoir for what fluid? | blood |
| This organ functions with the lymphatic system by storing what? | spleen lymphocytes |
| Triangular gland composed of lymphoid tissue? | thymus |
| Where is the thymus located? | in the upper chest above the superior vena cava and below the thyroid |
| The thymus lies against what structure? | the trachea |
| The thymus gland is most prominent in? | newborns |
| The thymus is important to certain lymphocytes during development and maturation because? | it programs them to become T cells in the immune system |
| Lymphocytes are produced in? | lymph nodules |
| The spleen, thymus and lymph nodules are involved in ? | the development of immunity |
| Lymph nodules are scattered throughout what? | loose connective tissue |
| A lymph nodule consists mainly of? | large numbers of lymphocytes enmeshed within reticular fibers |
| Large aggregates of lymph nodules located in the ilium are known as? | Peyer's patches |
| Located under the epithelial lining of the oral cavity and pharynx are the? | tonsils |
| The function of the tonsils is? | defend against invading bacteria |
| The lingual tonsils are located where? | base of the tongue |
| The single pharyngeal tonsil is located where? | posterior wall of the nasal part of the pharynx |
| The pharyngeal tonsil is also called? | the adenoids |
| Located between the mouth and the oral part of the pharynx are the? | palatine and lingual tonsils |
| On the wall of the nasal part of the pharynx is the? | pharyngeal tonsil |
| Dispersed throughout the body are? | solitary lymphatic follicles |
| An outgrowth of the cecum? | vermiform appendix |
| Collection of lymph begins where? | interstitial spaces |
| What is interstitial fluid? | Fluid that has seeped from the blood capillaries |
| Lymph nodes along the vessels do what? | screen out foreign particulate matter and pathogenic bacteria |
| What provides some of the pumping action of lymph | movements of joints |
| Lymph flows at about the rate of? | 3 liters a day |
| What permits lymph to flow only toward the center of the body? | valves |
| What is the movement of lymph called? | lymphatic drainage |
| Movement of lymph is assisted by? | compression of skeletal muscles, respiration and the pull of the skin and fascia |
| Major lymph plexuses are found where? | soles of feet and palms of hands |
| Every 6-20 mm there is a valve between 2-3 layers of spiral smooth muscles, what are these units called? | lymphangion |
| What are the two layers of lymphatic circulation? | superficial circulation and deep muscular and visceral circulation |
| Where does superficial circulation occur? | between the superficial fascia and the dermoepidermis (just under the skin) |
| Deep muscular and visceral circulation occurs where? | below the fascia |
| This cancer causes painless swelling of the lymph nodes, in the neck and groin. | Hodgkin's disease |
| A contagious viral infection that occurs most commonly in teenagers and young adults? | infectious mononucleosis |
| Mononucleosis affects lymphocytes in what way? | increase in number and change in structure |
| A cancer of the white blood cells? | leukemia |
| Instead of performing the function of phagocytosis leukemic cells do what? | build up and invade the organs |
| Leukemia may progress rapidly or slowly known as? | Acute leukemia or chronic leukemia |
| Two categories of leukemia are described by? | the white blood cells they affect |
| Lymphotic leukemia affects the cells that become? | lymphocytes |
| myelocytic leukemia affects the cells that develop into? | granulocytes or monocytes |
| The common leukemia's are? | acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic (acute lymphocytic) leukemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia |
| Acute myelogenous leukemia develops rapidly and demonstrates such symptoms as? | increase in infection, sores in the mouth and a tendency to bleed and bruise easily |
| Chronic myelogenous leukemia is found in young adults and is associated with? | a chromosome deficiency |
| Acute lymphoblastic (acute lymphocytic) leukemia affects children, incidence peaks at? | 5 years of age |
| Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia affects? | older persons |
| An increase in tissue fluid caused by inflammation or obstruction by scar tissue parasites or trauma is referred to as? | lymphedema |
| A tumor of the lymphatic system that is almost always malignant is? | a lymphoma |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is? | any cancer in lymphoid tissue not classified as Hodgkin's disease. |
Created by:
hdarguzis
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