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decline of empires

QuestionAnswer
janissaries ottoman army
ayan provincial officials and landlords who took tax money for themselves
balkans european peninsula in prime trading position
selim III enlightened ottoman emperor
mahmud II built secret army; killed janissaries; exchanged ambassadors with the west
ulama religious leader
tanzimat reforms western education; infrastructure focus; constitution was written; improved minorities rights; economy improved
hamid conservative who stopped the tanzimat reform
young turks liberal reformers; spread ideas of overthrowing the sultan; modernize ottoman empire; overthrew the sultan in 1908
mamluk slaves who served the sultan; soldiers
murad leader of the mamluk; shared power in egypt
muhammad ali took over egypt after french; began westernized army; invaded syria and threatened ottomans
khdives successors of ali; spent tax money on wars and extravagants
jihad fight against non-believers
al-afghani muslim philosopher; need for westernization
manchu people north of the great wall
nurhaci manchu leader who united the army
compradors trader for china
opium war british defeated chinese; led to treaty of nanking
treaty of nanking britain got hong kong, $20,000,000, trade in west, place in chinese court, extraterritoriality
extraterritoriality europeans had own laws in china
commissioner lin led opium war for chinese
taiping rebellion led by hong xiuquan; against confucianism; end with chinese promise change
self-strengthening movement bettering the infrastructure
boxer rebellion revolt led by students and military officials against westerners
empress cixi led self-strengthening movement
sun yat-sen founder of chinese republic
several weak sultans, trade switched to america, outside invaders three reasons for ottoman decline
removed import tax, education was western based, focus on infrastructure, written constitution three changes with tanzimat reform
lowered taxes and labor demands for peasants, 10% tax went to infrastructure, peasants were encouraged to grow new crops three changes to economy under qing in beginning
civil service exam corruptness, didn't pay money for infrastructure, food shortage, opium war three reasons for qing decline
sultans, technology, invaders from austria and russia ottoman empire weakness'
manufactured goods were cheaper, janissaries were overpaid, america had trade, most people were farmers ottoman economy
got rid of janissaries, traded with west mahmud reforms
austria, russia, france, british europeans who wanted ottoman territory
western draft with western army leaders, western weapons, separate church and state, ports and irrigation egypt reforms
rebellions like the taiping and boxer chinese peasants reaction to lack of qing reform
economy changes; lowered taxes and labor for peasants, tax went to infrastructure, peasants grew new crops, improve military reforms by manchus
western invaders, opium war, civil service exam, government corruption, not importance of infrastructure, famine, military spending decline qing decline
1911- Sun yat-sen made republic and tried bringing western ideas dates of rebellions in China? Republic?
Created by: AnnikaPVD
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