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Vocabulary
Chapter 6: Infection Control (01062023)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sanitation | ways individuals and communities maintain clean, hygienic conditions that help prevent disease, such as the disposal of sewage and solid waste. |
| infection prevention | set of methods used to prevent and control the spread of disease. |
| microorganism (MO) | a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope; also called microbe. |
| microbe | a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope; also called microorganism. |
| infection | the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying. |
| pathogen | microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease. |
| localized infection | an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms. |
| systemic infection | an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms. |
| healthcare-associated infection (HAI) | an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. |
| drainage | flow of fluids from a wound or cavity. |
| infectious disease | any disease caused by growth of a pathogen. |
| resistance | the body's ability to prevent infection and disease. |
| communicable disease | an infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or indirect contact. |
| contagious disease | a type of communicable disease that spreads quickly from person to person. |
| noncommunicable disease | a disease not capable of being spread from one person to another |
| cross-infection | the physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another. |
| reinfection | being infected again with the same pathogen. |
| transmission | the way and means by which a disease is spread. |
| medical asepsis | measures to reduce, remove, and control the spread of pathogens. |
| clean | in health care, a condition in which an object is not contaminated with pathogens. |
| contaminated | soiled, unclean; having disease-causing organisms or infectious material on it. |
| dirty | in health care, a condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens. |
| disinfection | process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens and other types of microorganisms. |
| sterilization | cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens. |
| autoclave | an appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects by using steam under pressure. |
| surgical asepsis; sterile technique | the state of being completely free of microorganisms |
| normal flora | microorganisms that normally live in and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in or at that particular location. |
| incubation period | the period of time between exposure to a pathogen and the time it causes visible signs and symptoms of disease or illness. |
| carrier | person who carries a pathogen usually without signs or symptoms of disease, but who can spread the disease. |
| body fluids | tears, saliva, sputum (mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, and vomit. |
| direct contact | way to transmit pathogens through touching the infected person or his or her secretions. |
| indirect contact | way to transmit pathogens from touching something contaminated by the infection person. |
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hunnytoons.
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