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Donahay Final Study
Topics etc. from semester 1 units 1-3 and some of unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do we study history | To know how and why the world is the way it is |
| Cradles of civilization | Rivers, Mesopotamia, the fertile crescent |
| Philosopher king | Plato's Ruler. A person with power who gives to those who need it most |
| Direct Democracy | Athens government during its golden age. People vote for everything. decision by the people |
| Indirect Democracy | United States uses this type of gov. People vote for representatives who make decisions. |
| Authoritarian Government | When 1 group has all power. ex. Monarchy, dictatorship, etc. |
| Patricians and plebeians | Used in feudalism. Who is your daddy and what does he do? fixed places in society. |
| Causes for the fall of rome | Barbarians, Assassination culture, people not wanting to be in military |
| Middle Age Weltanschauung | Faith, Authority, Collectivity, and Tradition |
| Feudalism | Monarch, lords and peasants. the Church was first then nobility then everyone else. Church state almost equal. |
| Why did the Renaissance happen in Italy? | City states caused competition, independent patrons, merchants, it was urban and had classical heritage. |
| Renaissance | Rebirth of Greek and Roman classics, interest in ancient ideas instead of medieval |
| Patron | someone who spends money to support something, they do not necessarily do the thing they support. ex art, exploration etc. |
| Machiavellianism | ends justify the means. safer to be feared than loved. The Prince |
| Renaissance Man | well rounded, charming, and educated man. |
| War of dynastic succession | when people fight over who will reign. usually not a problem if there is an adult male heir. |
| Vernacular | Common language of a region |
| Emperor Constantine | First roman emperor to be converted to Christianity and make it legal in Roman empire |
| Avignon Papacy | "Babylonian captivity" French king got the pope to live in a castle in France. people compared it to him keeping the church hostage. "He who pays the piper calls the tune" |
| Great Schism | 1054 first split of the church. Separated eastern orthodox and Catholicism. It is ongoing |
| French Schism | Catholic church had problems with multiple people claiming to be pope. peacefully resolved. caused doubt in church |
| He who pays the piper calls the tune | the person who gives gifts/money to the person in charge gets them to do what they want |
| Tomas Aquinas | Summa theologica. Unmoved mover, uncaused cause, necessary being, degree, laws of nature |
| Monastery | where monks live and study scholasticism and theology |
| Lay investiture | king chooses bishop, Caesaropapism |
| Indulgences | people buy something they can do to help speed up or skip purgatory |
| Simony | clergy sin of bribing for a better job |
| Absenteeism | clergy sin of not being in the place they are assigned to be over |
| Peasant revolt | people moved by the ideas of Luther's 95 theses. they revolt but Luther doesn't agree with them and supports the guards |
| Peace of Augsburg | Charles V says whoever is in charge decides the religion. This ended the war of religion |
| Catholics belief | unity, faith and work together. Sacraments, purgatory, saints, and indulgences. clergy hierarchy. tradition |
| Lutherans | Believed catholic corruption was unfixable. 3 solas: Faith alone, grace alone, scriptures alone. Bible based. |
| Anglicans | Catholics + divorce. sermons in vernacular. King Henry VIII. priests can marry |
| Calvanists | John Calvin's teachings. Predestination. Super strict, theocracy at Geneva |
| Anabaptists | Be baptized again as an adult. They were pacifists. Hated by both Catholics and protestants |
| Henry VIII | Created the Anglican chruch, feared dynastic succession, had 6 wives. |
| Catholic Countries | Spain, Italy, France, Ireland, Belgium |
| Protestant countries | England, Netherlands, Switzerland, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway. |
| Jesuits | German catholic group worked really hard to come close to Jesus and get protestants to convert to Catholicism |
| Imperialism | When a powerful country spreads its power by taking over a smaller/less powerful place, usually far away. |
| First wave imperialism trends | India: trade. China: Trade. Africa: Trade. Japan: Trade. Americas: conquest |
| Mercantilism | gov in charge of economy. a country's power is based on wealth. Make as much money as possible. |
| tariff | tax on imported goods to discourage imports |
| Net income | the profit after all of the expenses |
| Gross income | all the money coming in before expenses |
| Salary | yearly income |
| Capital | something that has value or brings in money to the owner such as a business or patents. Invested money |
| Overhead | Expenses that must be paid no matter what to keep a business running even if it doesn’t produce money itself such as heating, water, electricity etc. |
| Imports | goods you buy and bring into the country |
| Exports | things you sell and ship out of the country |
| Favorable balance of trade | you sell a lot of stuff and buy few stuff |
| Inflation | the general increase in prices of goods and services in the economy also the decrease of money’s value |
| Deflation | the decrease in prices for goods and services and the increase in money’s value but is very unstable |
| Maharaja | Indian princes ran their own little show kinda like the holy roman empire princes. |
| Kowtow | ritual of bowing and touching the forehead to the ground that the Chinese required European traders to perform |
| Tribute Port | the Chinese only allowed europeans to trade at certain ports and had to pay tribute |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | Changed the Japanese gov to Shogun (kinda like prime minister). Then they put in place the Japanese closed door policy |
| Conquest/extraction pattern of colonization | Spain and Portugal sent men to the Americas to conquer. men took "wives" as they went causing south america to have very mixed heritage |
| Trade pattern of colonization | France and Netherlands. People went over to Americas to trade but wouldn't have much else to do with natives |
| Settlement pattern of colonization | Mainly england. people went to americas fleeing religious persecution. came in families and kept to themselves |
| Caravel | a ship that could travel against the wind (basically) made travel to americas possible |
| Amerigo Vespucci | made maps, claimed that columbus went to "Novus Mundi" (the new world) not Asia. he signed his maps of the new world so it was named after him |
| Closed door policy | when a country decides to no longer trade with anyone. practied by china and later japan |
| Quetzalcoatl | Aztec God, super important. depicted as a feathered serpent. supposedly Aztecs thought Columbus was him |
| Triangular trade | the trade between europe, americas and africa. spread new world goods fueled slavery |
| Middle Passage | the part of triangular trade where slaves went from africa to americas |
| Black Legend of spain | Bartolome de las casas wrote about how spain messed up the americas |
| Hapsburgs | Big royal family. was in charge of many countries including spain and france. ultimately ended because of incest. Charles V split power into spanish and austrian powers. Catholic |
| absolutism | Kings gain more power at expense of church and nobility. end of serfdom |
| Divine right theory | Kings have been ordained by God to rule. no one can go against a king's god given right to rule |
| Popular Sovereignty | a ruler in charge because the populous likes them or they are popular with the people |
| Charles V | super important Hapsburg king, buddy with the pope, decided the peace of Augsburg. Inherited a HUGE empire and split it up |
| Philip II | Son of Charles V, married Mary I of england, attempted to Mary Elizabeth I, launched spanish armada made the grill shaped Escorial palace. Siglo de oro |
| Absolute monarch | the king making decisions himself, not through nobles or ministers. |
| Escorial palace | made by Phillip II. shaped like a grill in honor of his favorite saint Saint Lawrence. the Church was central in the palace. It was in the new capital of Madrid |
| Spanish armada | 1588 Philip II was trying to take over england after Elizabeth refused to marry him. Spain loses and england is new naval power |
| Guise Family | one of the two families fighting over control of france. were catholic. massacred people at a protestant wedding. most of the people of france were catholic |
| Bourbon | one of the two families fighting to control france. They were Huguenots or french protestant. Gained the upper hand |
| "Paris is worth a Mass" | this was Henry Bourbon's reaction to comming to power in catholic france while he was protestant. He switched his religion for power |
| Bureaucracy | running country through laws instead of men |
| King Louis XIII | not a very present king. instead has Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin. the king's power was strengthened, france pushed into 30 years war |
| King Louis XIV | the Sun king. possibly witnessed his attendants killed at an early age. quoted as saying "I am the state" created the palace of Versailles |
| repudiation of debt | when, instead of paying their debt, someone says "I don't have any debt" super bad people charge massive interest and loss of trust |
| Royal bond | king asks for money from nobles to "show loyalty" if you don't pay it you're disloyal and can be punished. king probably won't pay you back |
| Free monarch | king free from interference from nobles, parliament, the church. absolute monarch |
| James I | Scottish Tudor cousin. believed in a free monarch. would dissolve parliament when they disagreed with him. King James Bible |
| Charles I | King who showed disregard for habeas corpus. demanded many taxes. forced anglican books of prayer on Puritans (caused pilgrims) Accused of tyranny |
| Habeas Corpus | The right of the accused to have a fair trial to be charged and not just thrown in jail because of an accusation |
| Regicide | the killing of a king or monarch. big deal labels the people who do it forever |
| Roundheads | The new model army. named for their haircut. lead by Oliver Cromwell. supported by Puritans. Take over and put Charles I on trial. commit Regicide |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of the New Model army. takes over England in his Commonwealth. closed down taverns dance halls etc. puritan |
| Glorious revolution | Mary and William new kings invited by parliament and prior king James II flees. bloodless change in power . the new monarchs accept a limited monarchy |
| mercenaries | armies that are loyal to whoever will pay them |
Created by:
fercabbit
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