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AP FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Belief in one god | Monotheism |
| Imperials dynasty that ruled china from 206 BCE to 221 AD and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | Han |
| The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order | Confucianism |
| Seasonal winds crossing the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia during the summertime that brings extreme rain and flooding | Monsoon |
| One of the sources of prayer, verses, and descriptions of the origins of the universe, guide Hindus | Vedas |
| “Great Vehicle” the focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattva | Mahayana |
| Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across central Asian and Iran | Silk Road |
| The major Indian religious systems which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled India after 1500 BCE | Hinduism |
| In premodern times, a network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries not the rain of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia | Indian Ocean Maritime System |
| Trading network linking North Africa with Sub-Saharan Africa across the Saharan | Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes |
| Portion of the African continent lying south of the Saharen | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Treeless, plains, especially the high, flat expanse of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good for nomads and their herds | Steppes |
| Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the people speaking these languages | Bantu |
| A majority innovation against the background of the 7th century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community | Umma |
| Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire | Caliphate |
| Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military stages who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of 9th and 10th centuries | Mamluks |
| The ruler of a Muslim country | Sultan |
| nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as religious leader | Seljuks |
| the code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and examples of Muhammad | Shari’a |
| A mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | Sufi |
| Empire that grew from the eastern part of the former Roman Empire; lasted until around 1400 | Byzantine Empire |
| The cathedral of Holy Wisdom, in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian | Haggis Sophia |
| Men and women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lords land in exchange for protection | Serfs |
| Loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owned military service and other support to a greater lord/ king | Feudalism |
| The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head | Papacy |
| Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating charity, obedience and poverty | Monasticism |
| The 1,100 mile waterway linking the Yellow and Yangtzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire | Grand Canal |
| A system, from the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asian not under direct control of the empire based in China enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperor in China in exchange for trading and alliances | Tributary system |
| The imperial dynasty of CHina from 960-1279; noted for art literature and philosophy | Song Empire |
| A very large flat bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang, Ming, and Song empires, especially designed for long distance commercial travel | Junk |
| A mixture of salt pepper, sulfur, and charcoal in various proportions. The formula brought CHina in the 400’s was used to keep away bugs and evil spirits, later used as explosives | Gunpowder |
| Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It may have been invested in Korea | Moveable type |
| Practice in Chinese society to multilateral women’s feet in order to make them smaller; made it easier to keep women confines to the household | Footbinding |
| Quick maturing rice that can allow harvest in one growing season. Originally introduce dingo Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state | Champa rice |
| Floating farming island made by the Aztec | Chinampas |
| Extensive Mesoamerican culture that made great advances in astronomy in areas such as their famous calendars | Maya |
| Mexica, they created powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 CE) they forced defeated people to provide goods and labor as texes | Aztecs |
| Aztec capital city (now the site of Mexico City) | Tenochtitlan |
| Allowed reciprocal trade under bother imperial protection and imperial regulation and barred entry into this trade by those who did not participate | Tribute system |
| Andreas labor system based on shared obligation to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organization | Mit’a |
| A member of the small group of Quechuan people living in Cuzco Valley in Peru who established hegemony over the neighbor to creat the great Inca empire that lasted from 1100-1530 when the Spanish conquered | Inca |
| A rotation system for agriculture in which two fields grow food crops and one lies fallow, it gradually replaced the 2 field system in medieval Europe | Three field system |
| An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa and Europe in the mid 14th century, carrying out vast numbers of persons | Black Death |
| Large churches originating in 12th century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults, and spires, flying buttresses and large strained glass windows | Gothic Cathedrals |
| A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a “rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance (14th-15th century) and Northern (transalpine) renaissance (15-17th) century | Renaissance |
| City on the Niger RIver int eh modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. Became a major terminus of the trans-Saharan trae and center of Islamic learning | Timbuktu |
| Port city in the modern Southeast Asia country off Malaysia, founded around 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of malacca | Malacca |
| Characteristic cargo and passenger shops of the Arabian Sea | Dhows |
| East African shorts of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River; from the Arabic Swahili, meaning “shores” | Swahili Coast |
| Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the 13th-15th century. It was famous for its role in the Tran-Saharan gold trade | Mali |
| Ruler of Mali (r.1312-1337) hid pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 3established the empires reputation for its wealth Im the Mediterranean World | Mansa Musa |
| Centralized Indian EMpire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders | Delhi Sultanate |
| Moroccan Muslims scholar, the most wildly traveled individual of his time. H wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic land from CHina to Spain and the Western Sudan | Ibn Battuta |
| An imperial eunuch and Muslim entrusted by the Ming empower Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through e Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa | Zheng He |
| Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the “Forbidden City” and the voyages of Zheng He | Ming Empire |
| Islamic state founded by Oscan in Northwestern Anatolia ca 1300 based in Istanbul after the fall of the Byzantine Empire | Ottoman Empire |
| Last of the Mongols Great Khans 1260-1264 and founder of the Yuan Empire | Khubilia Khan |
| Founded by Batu, it was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam | Golden Horde |
| Member of a prominent family of the Mongols’ Jadadai Khanate, Timuir through conquest controlled most the Central Asia and Iran | Timur |
| A way of life, forced by scarcity of resources in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water | Nomadism |
| Empire created in china and Siberia by Khubilai Khan | Yuan Empire |
| A people of this name is mentioned as early of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia | Mongols |
| Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa | Henry the Navigator |
| The title of Temujin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227) was the founder of the mongol empire | Genghis Khan |
| A small, highly maneuverable three masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic | Caravel |
| Portuguese explorer in 14970-1498 he lead the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India | Vaso de Gama |
| Italian navigators who discovered the New World in the service of SPain while looking for a route to CHina (1451-1506) | Christopher Columbus |
| Set the boundaries established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| Spanish solder and explorers who led military expedition in the Americas and captured land for Spain | Conquistadors |
| Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico1485 1547 | Hernandez Cortes |
| Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | Francisco Pizzaro |
| Remission of the punishment for sin by the clergy in return for services | Indulgence |
| A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant Churhces | Protestant Reformation |
| An era between 16th-18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using scientific method | Scientific Revolution |
| A 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church south to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation | Catholic Reformation |
| A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | Enlightenment |
| The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people | Bourgeoisie |
| Businesses formed by group of people who jointly make an investment and share in he profits and losses | Joint-stock company |
| A place where shares in a company or business enterprise are bought and sold | Stock exchange |
| Temporary but significant cooling period between the 14th019th centuries; causing wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, storm, families, and dislocation | Little Ice Age |
| The trading of various animals, diseases, and crops between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres | Colombian Exchange |
| 1st bushop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindians people from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Law in 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindian’s to labor | Bartolommeo de Las Casas |
| Silver mine in the interior of South America; great silver mountains that would bring Spanish wealth | Potosi |
| System in SPanish Merida that gave settler the right to tax local Indian or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills | Encomienda |
| Descendants of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, and economic status | creoles |
| People of Native American and European descent | Mastizo |
| Person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to America | Indentured servants |
| A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaways slaves in the West Indies and South America | Maroon |
| European government policies designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies to trade only with the motherland country | Mercantilism |
| The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved African across the the Atlantic to the Americas | Middle Passage |
| Capital of the Ottoman Empire; named after 1453 and the sack of Constantinople | Istanbul |
| Infantry, originally of slave origin armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman Empire from them 15th century until the corps was abolished in 1826 | Janissary |
| ‘Seleciton’ in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman Empire to serve as Janissaries | Devshirme |
| A monotheistic religious founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nahak. It’s not a part of Islam or Hinduism | Sikhism |
| Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal EMpire in India (r 1556-1 605) he expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus | Akbar |
| Muslims state (1526-1827) exercising dominion over most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries | Mughal Empire |
| Branch of Islam believed that god vests leadership of the community in a descendent of Muhammads son in law Ali. State religion of Iran during Safavid Empire | Shi’ite Islam |
| Turkish ruled Iranian Kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismaili Safavi who declared Iran a Shi’ism state | Safavid Empire |
| Northeast Asian people who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Quing Dynasty in 1644 | Manchu |
| Members of the Catholicreligous order who sought converts in the Americas and Asia | Jesuits |
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