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NT - Exam 1
Study guide for New Testament exam one
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Koine Greek | ancient language that the New Testament is written in |
| What does the New Testament say? | Declares the details and significance of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection, tells the story of how Christianity began and initially grew, teaches what life as a follower of Jesus is about, foretells the coming of a new reality |
| New Reality | Return of Christ, Resurrection of the Dead, Judgment, God making everything right, Re-creation of Heaven and Earth |
| 587 BC | date that Babylon conquered Judea; sent Jews into exile, siege of Jerusalem, destruction of the city and its temple |
| 70 AD | date of Jerusalem being sacked and temple being destroyed under Roman prefect rule; fall of Jerusalem |
| Agrarian | Palestine was mostly a ( ) society |
| 7 major periods of political history | Babylonian (597-539 BC), Persian (537-337 BC), Greek (336-323 BC), Egyptian ( 320-200 BC), Syrian (200-143 BC), Hasmonean (142-63 BC), Roman (63 BC-135 AD) |
| 1. Babylonian, 2. Persian, 3. Greek, 4. Egyptian, 5. Syrian, 6. Hasmonean, 7. Roman | Order of 7 major political periods |
| 4 BC to 30 AD | What were the supposed dates of Jesus' birth and death? |
| 27 | How many books are in the New Testament? |
| "Sacred writings of the Christian faith" | Simple definition of scripture |
| Nebuchadnezzar II | conquered Jerusalem in 597 BC (Babylonian period) |
| Cyrus of Persia | overthrows Babylon in 539 BC (leads to Persian period) |
| Greek (336- 323 BC) | period that the conquest of Alexander the Great occurred in |
| Alexander the Great | who conquered Palestine in 332 |
| He Hellenized it | what Alexander did to the land that he conquered |
| Hellenization | to spread/implement Greek culture; the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks |
| 323 BC | date of Alexander the Great's death; his empire was divided among his generals following his death (end of the Greek period) |
| 175 BC | date that Antiochus IV takes the throne (Syrian period) |
| Antiochus IV | leader that caused the Maccabean revolts to start; resulted from him banning Jewish worship and desecrating the temple (pig sacrifice) |
| December 25th, 167 BC | date that Antiochus IV desecrated the temple |
| Judas Maccabaeus | person that started/led the Maccabean revolts |
| December 25th, 164 BC | date that Judas Maccabaeus cleansed the temple |
| The Jewish people combined the offices of priest and king | significant occurrence during the Hasmonean period |
| 63 BC | date that Pompey (Roman general) defeated the last visage of the Syrian forces/enters Jerusalem |
| Pompey | who entered the temple and the holy of holies? |
| 40-4 BC (Herodian dynasty) | date of King Herod's rule |
| King Herod | who was named "king of the Jews" in 37 BC |
| True | Herod wanted to reconstruct the temple and create a Herodian temple |
| What Herod was known for | wealth, building campaigns; executed family members to stay in power (3 sons, 1 wife) |
| Pontius Pilate (26-32 AD) | most important Roman prefect (governor) in Roman period |
| Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek | languages of Palestine |
| Persian | under ( ) rule, captives were allowed to return; the 12 tribes were not regathered, unrighteousness abounded |
| Hasmonean | during the ( ) empire, Jewish people grew their empire and extended their borders; had unhindered rule |
| Antiochus III | who defeated the Egyptians in 200 BC (led to Syrian period) |
| 10-15% | what percentage of the Palestinian population was literate? |
| Zealots (revolutionary movements), Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes | 4 religious sects in Judaism |
| Hanukkah | Jewish holiday celebrating Judas Maccabeus reconsecrating the temple (December 25th, 164 BC) |
| Zealots/revolutionary movements | movement that attempts to overthrow Roman oppression/a threat of revolution (1st century) |
| Pharisees | follow the laws, Jesus' primary adversaries, had a bad reputation, were a renewal movement, adamant about Israel's purity, numbered several thousand |
| The apostle Paul | who claims to have been a Zealous pharisee? |
| Sadducees | Aristocrats of Jewish society, concerned with the temple; appointed by Rome, did not get along with Pharisees, believed in free will/denied resurrection, only cared about Torah |
| The Pharisees | what sect lasted past 70 AD and the capture of Jerusalem? |
| Essenes | focused on ritual purity, communally driven (sharing), corporate scripture reading, thought to be community of Qumran; only group not found in the NT |
| John the Baptist | who was supposedly a member of the Essenes? |
| Qumran caves; Essenes | where were the dead sea scrolls found/who wrote them |
| Measuring stick/rod | what does the word "canon" mean? |
| 4 criteria for canonization | Apostolicity, Orthodoxy, Antiquity, Catholicity |
| Apostolicity | had to be written by an apostle or close colleague of an apostle |
| Orthodoxy | has to have theology or teaching that fits with other books |
| Antiquity | has to have been written within the timeframe of the early apostles |
| Catholicity | has to be used by all the churches, all are teaching it, preaching from it, etc. |
| Constantine | who developed the Roman Catholic church and was roman emperor in 300 BC |
| Eusebius list (320 AD) | books that were recognized (4 gospels/Paul), disputed, and rejected (gospel of Thomas) |
| Athanasius list (367 AD) | published a list of the 27 books accepted today, was general consensus |
| Marcion | heterodox groups began to compose their own lists (canon) |
| 516 BC | when was the temple finished (Persian period) |
| 40 AD and 90 AD | when was the 1st and last book of the NT written? |
| 1st century AD; spans 50 years | what time period was the NT written in? |
| Ptolemaic and Seleucid | other names for Egyptian and Syrian periods |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
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