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Final Exam Review
Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic. | An aristocracy, the rule of the best. He believed leaders needed to be wise and trained in how to run a state, just as captains of ships are trained in how to run a ship. |
| Rome’s first code of law | Law of the Twelve Tables |
| What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? | Jews and Greco-Roman Both said that people have intrinsic value. Both supported the rule of law. Christians were influenced by Greco-Romans. The story of Jesus, central to the Christian tradition, was influenced by the Greco-Roman beliefs. |
| How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today. | the individual was dependent upon the society in which he was born for all that he could become as a person. |
| A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? | Montesquieu believed the best government should divide its functions and powers, creating a system of checks and balances. Legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government are used to this day. |
| Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? | Rousseau wrote of his ideas about government in "the social contract" in which he believed society should be governed between the government and the people and that government officials should be freely elected. |
| One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? | The "Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen" is the document based on the Declaration of Independence that was a result of the French Revolution. |
| The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. | The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era was to use methods of natural law (rules discoverable by reason) to solve problems in society and government. |
| What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | The provisions contained in the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen were the stipulation of natural rights to "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression." It contained the freedom of speech, press, and an end to tax exemptions. |
| What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? | The reforms Napoleon introduced to France were called the Napoleonic Code. It embodied enlightenment principals and included a public school system as well as the construction of new transportation including canals and roads. |
| Philosophies of John Locke. | Locke wrote "Two Treatises of Government", arguing that people formed governments to protect their natural rights. He despised absolute monarchies. |
| What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? | Enlightenment Philosopher, John Locke, wrote the Two Treatises of Government. |
| What was the Glorious Revolution all about? | The Glorious Revolution was the bloodless overthrow of King James II when William of Orange invaded England and easily overthrew the King with almost no fighting. |
| Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? | The Magna Carta is significant in the history of democratic ideas as it became the key principle of democratic tradition. It made it clear that the monarch was to obey the law and limited the monarch's power. |
| What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? | The factors that contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Britain were the abundance of natural resources such as the food supply, a large skilled labor force, and the improvement of the money supply. |
| The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? | The textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of the steam engine. The steam locomotive allowed factories to ship goods quickly and cheaply. |
| The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? | The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in coal and iron mines, factories, and railroad construction. |
| Nationalism v. Patriotism (covers more than one question, be sure to define and compare each term) | Patriotism is the feeling of pride in one's own country. While Nationalism creates the feeling that all countries are inferior to your own . It creates a feeling of blind arrogance and an excessive sense of pride. |
| What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution | The social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution was the creation of the middle and working class. |
| What was the objective of the Romantic artists? | Romanticism was an artistic style where artists meant to stir up emotions and strong feelings through paintings, sculptures, and poems. |
| How long did the Enlightenment Period last? | The Enlightenment Period lasted 150 years. |
| Mohandas Gandhi | When the people of India were dissatisfied with British rule, Gandhi led a successful, peaceful revolution. |
| What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? | Growing distrust of the British in India led to the first war of independence, which the British called the "sepoy mutiny" in which Indian soldiers revolted against British rule. |
| Democracy | Democracy was first developed in Athens. Democracy is a government that is for the people, by the people. All citizens have the right to vote for elected officials. |
| Enlightenment view of women | Enlightenment ideas did not fully extend to woman as it was believed a woman's natural rights were limited to the areas of home and family. |
| The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. | The Declaration of Independence states that government should protect the natural rights that were stated in the Bill of Rights. |
| How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? | The US Constitution reflects the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu as it created a government based on a social contract and protects people's natural rights. |
| How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? | France's revolutionaries followed the examples set by the leaders of the American Revolution by revolting against a corrupt monarchy. They wrote the "Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen." |
| Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles | The Napoleonic Code embodied enlightenment ideas such as equality of all citizens, religious tolerance, and abolishing feudalism. The code placed value on the individual above all else. |
| What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? | Discovering that germs cause disease caused an improvement in sanitation to prevent illness. People began to bathe and change their clothes more often and hospitals also improved sanitation leading to a reduced rate of death and infection. |
| What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? | The greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800's were the formation of labor unions, which protect workers including reducing working hours. |
| What contributed to German’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? | Under Bismarck the German empire emerged as an industrial giant due to the abundance of the natural resources iron and coal. |
| Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? | The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to a growth of nationalism in the Balkans. |
| What had great power in the Third Republic in France? | The voter-elected Chamber of Deputies had great power in the Third Republic in France. |
| Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? | The British were able to conquer India by exploiting its diversity. India's people consisted of many different cultures, traditions, and languages, resulting in their inability to unite. |
| What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? | When Japan gained control over Korea it aided in it becoming an Imperialist power. |
| Which system of law appeared first? | The system of law that first appeared was Hammurabi's Law Code. |
| Aristotle | Aristotle was Plato's most famous student. He is best known for analyzing and classifying things based on observation and investigation. |
| Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? | Christianity spread due to the apostles, such as Paul of Tarsus, traveling throughout Asia Minor preaching the gospel. |
| Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? | King John did not want to sign the Magna Carta as it limited his power. It declared he had to obey the law and he had to consult his Great Council before raising taxes, |
| A cause of the French Revolution. | The main cause of the French Revolution was the crisis in government finances. Queen Marie Antoinette lived a lavish lifestyle while the people starved. |
| The most political form in classical Mediterranean world | Democracy was the most political form in the Mediterranean world. |
| The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century | The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century was the Bubonic plague. |
| Middle Passage | The Middle Passage was a sea journey taken by slave ships of the triangular trade route in which millions of Africans were enslaved and forcibly transported to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. |
| Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? | The Enlightenment thinker, Machiavelli, gave us the principal "the ends will justify the means" |
| The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 | The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was the American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere. The United States believed in their rights to control North America from coast to coast. |
| Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence | The primary objection of the Declaration of Independence was to free the colonies from their allegiance to Great Britain. |
| One effect of the French Revolution | One effect of the French Revolution was that it grew the feelings of Nationalism and would eventually lead to the rise of Napoleon. |
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