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Everest Mod F
Everest - Digestion, Structures, functions, and pathologies - Dave
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of the Digestive System? | Physiologic process that involves the intake and assimilation of nutrients and the elimination of waste. |
| Ingestion is? | Taking food into the mouth |
| Another name(s) for the Digestive system? | Alimentary canal, gastrointestinal tract, GI tract |
| How long is the GI Tract? | about 30 feet long |
| What are the three layers of mucous membrane lining in the GI tract? | epithelium, connective tissue, and smooth muscle |
| Main structures of the Digestive system | Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus |
| Accessory organs of the Digestive system | Salivary glands, teeth, pancreas, liver, gallbladder. |
| Mucous membrane lining of the GI Tract is called? | peritoneum |
| portion of the peritoneum lying against the body wall is called what? | parietal peritoneum |
| portion of the peritoneum surrounding each organ is called? | visceral peritoneum |
| The intestines are suspended by a double layer of peritoneum called what? | Small intestines- Mesentery; Large Intestines- mesocolon |
| Greater omentum extends from where to where? | The stomach to the transverse colon |
| Three peritoneal ligaments of the Greater Omentum | Gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrophrenic ligament |
| The Mouth is | the oral cavity that makes up the first protion of the GI tract |
| Structures of the mouth include | lips, tongue, cheeks, salivary glands, hard and soft palates, and teeth |
| Tongue is? | Large strong muscle that mixes food with saliva, its the location of taste buds, and helps swallowing |
| The hard and soft palate forms what? | forms the roof of the mouth |
| What is the hard palate and where is it located? | between the oral and nasal cavities and consists of the palatine maxillae bones |
| what is the soft palate and where is it located? | between the oropharynx and nasopharynx |
| what are teeth? | Accessory structures used to bite off and mechanically break down food |
| What are teeth made of? | calcified connective tissue that is covered in enamel |
| Salivary glands located where? | inside the mouth |
| What is the function of the salivary glands? | produce saliva |
| Saliva is? | Mainly water that is mixed with small ammounts of salts and enzymes. |
| Amylase is what? | an enzyme found in saliva that helps break down carbohydrates |
| What is a bolus? | food that has been mechanically chewed chemically broken down and mixed with saliva |
| What is the pharynx and what is its function? | it is a cavity at the back of the mouth that recieves the bolus and passes it on to the esophagus |
| Esophagus is what? | A ten inch, collapsable, muscular tube found directly behind the trachea. extends from the pharynx to the stomach |
| What is the opening into the stomach? | Esophagial hiatus |
| what is the sphincter that is between the esophagus and stomach and what is its function? | Cardiac Sphincter; prevents the back flow of gastric juices |
| Stomach is? | a "J" shaped saclike organ |
| What is the function of the stomach? | Further chemically and mechanically breaks down the bolus into chyme |
| what is Chyme? | the form the bolus takes after entering the stomach and mixing with the gastric juices |
| What are rugae? | folds in the stomach that help mechanically break down food and expands to make the stomach bigger to hold more food |
| What do Gastric glands do? | secrete hormone gastrin and gastric juices that include hydrochloric acid, enzymes mucous and water |
| what is the big part of the stomach called? | the fundus |
| What is the pyloris? | part of the stomach that narrows to connect to the duodenum |
| How long is the Small Intestines | Approximately 24-30 feet long |
| General Function of Small Intestines | Receives chyme from stomach and continues the digestive process using intestinal juices and secretions from pancreas, liver, and Gallbladder |
| 3 Parts of Small Intestines | Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum |
| Shortest portion of Small Intestines | Duodenum |
| Length of Duodenum | First 10 inches of Small Intestine |
| Structure and location of Duodenum | C-shaped curve, circling the head of pancreas, into the Jejunum |
| Length of Jejunum | 7-8 Feet |
| Jejunum and Ileum supplied with blood vessals, lymph vessels, and nerves by a fold of peritoneum called a...? | Mesentery |
| Most of absorption of food takes place where? | Jejunum |
| Length of Ileum | Final 12 feet of small intestine |
| Major Function of Ileum | Absorption of food into the blood stream and the lymphatic system |
| Structure and location of Pancreas | Long gland that lies behind stomach and is connected to duodenum by 2 pancreatic ducts |
| Function of Pancreas (Exocrine) | Produces digestive enzymes called pancreatic juiced. |
| Structure and location of the Liver | Largest gland (organ) of the body, weighing about 3 pounds, and lies under the diaphragm |
| How many functions does the liver have? | 8 different functions ( Essentials Pg, 556 under liver ) |
| Structure and location of gallbladder | A Small 3-4 inch sac that lies under the liver. |
| Function of Gallbladder | Stores and concentrate Bile which is released into small intenstine through cystic duct |
| The 8 parts of the Large Intestine (Colon) | Cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, (anus and out) |
| Function of Large Intestine | Reabsorbes water and electrolytes, manufactures vitamins. and forms and stores feces until defecation |
Created by:
hdarguzis
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