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MedTerm Ch 10
LOM Pathological Conditions and Clinical Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hemiparesis | affects wither right or left side (half) of the body. |
| Motor aphasia | patient knows what he/she wants to say, but cannot do so or does so slowly. |
| Sensory aphasia | patient articulates words easily, but uses them inappropriately. |
| Hemiplegia | affects right or left half of the body and results from stroke or other brain injury. |
| Apraxia | movements and behavior are not purposeful. Patient cannot use an object or perform a task. |
| Neurasthenia | nervous exhaustion and fatigue often following depression. |
| Syncope | fainting |
| Ataxia | persistent unsteadiness on the feet caused by a disorder involving the cerebellum. |
| Hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain. |
| Spina bifida | congenital defect in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect). |
| Alzheimer disease (AD) | brain disorder marked by gradual deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age. |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | degenerative disease of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. |
| Huntington disease | hereditary nervous disorder caused by degenerative changes in the cerebrum and involving bizarre, abrupt, involuntary, dance-like movements. |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | destruction of the myelin sheath on the neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of hard tissue. |
| Myasthenia gravis | neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. |
| Cerebral palsy | partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination. |
| Bell palsy | paralysis on one side of the face. |
| Parkinson disease | degenerative of nerves in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. |
| Palliative | relieving symptoms, but not curative. |
| Tourette syndrome | involuntary, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words. |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke; disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain. |
| Thrombotic stroke | blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion of the vessel. |
| Embolic stroke | a dislodged blood clot travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel; occurs very suddenly. |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | a blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs causing CVA. |
| Aneurysm | weakness in the vessel wall that balloons and eventually bursts. |
| Cerebral angiography | x-ray images of the blood vessel system in the brain after injection of a contrast material. |
| Computed tomography | x-rays compose a computerized cross-sectional image of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Myelography | x-ray images of the spinal cord after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | magnetic and radio waves create image of the brain in all three planes. |
| Positron Emission Topography | Images produced after injection of radioactive glucose or oxygen. |
| Electroencephalography | Recording of the electrical activity of the brain. |
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