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Chapter 10

Organs & Anatomic Structures of the Cardiovascular System

TermDefinition
heart muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) & between the lungs, circulates blood throughout the body
right atrium small upper chamber of the heart, receives blood returning from the body through the veins and contracts to fill the right ventricle
left atrium small upper chamber of the heart, receives blood from the lungs and contracts to fill the left ventricle
right ventricle large lower chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the lungs
left ventricle large lower chamber of the heart, contracts to pump blood from the heart through the arteries to body tissues
atrial septum separates the atria
ventricular septum separates the ventricles
atrioventricular valves consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves, which lie between the right atrium and right ventricle and the left atrium and left ventricle, respectively; keep blood flowing in one direction
semilunar valves pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and aorta, respectively
pericardium 2-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer
epicardium outer lining covering the heart; also part of the pericardium
myocardium middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
endocardium inner lining of the heart
blood vessels tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
arteries blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, all but the pulmonary artery carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells
pulmonary artery carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs
arterioles smallest arteries
aorta largest artery in the body, originates at the left ventricle, briefly ascends at the arch, then descends through the thorax and abdomen
veins blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products except for the pulmonary veins
pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
venules smallest veins
venae cavae largest veins in body
inferior vena cava carries blood to the heart from the body parts below the diaphragm
superior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the upper part of the body
capillaries microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules, materials are passed between the blood and tissue through capillary walls
Created by: kbkrause
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