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Chapter 6 Terms
CAPS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardi- | Heart |
| Cardiac | Pertaining to the heart |
| Cardiologist | Medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart |
| Cardiology | diseases of the heart specialty |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | attempt restore cardiac and pulmonary function |
| Resuscit- | Revive from death |
| cardiovascular | heart and blood vessels |
| diaphoresis | sweat, perspiration, or sweaty |
| -esis | condition |
| diaphor- | sweat |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG) | Record of electrical signals of the heart |
| Electrode | device for conducting electricity |
| -ode | way, road |
| mediastinum | area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae esophagus, and trachea |
| media- | middle |
| -stin- | partition |
| perfus- | to pour |
| perfusion | act of forcing blood flow through a lumen or a vascular bed |
| phleb/o- | vein |
| -tom- | incise, cut |
| -tomy | surgical incision |
| phlebotomy | withdrawing blood from a vein through a needle or catheter |
| sternum | long flat bone forming the center of the anterior wall of the chest |
| thoracic cavity | space within the chest containing the. lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, venae cavae, and pulmonary vessels |
| aorta | main trunk of the systemic arterial system |
| coronary circulation | blood vessels supplying the heart muscle |
| coron- | crown |
| endo- | inside |
| endocardium | inside lining of the heart |
| epicardium | outer layer of the heart wall |
| infarct | area of cell death resulting from an infarction |
| infarction | sudden blockage of an artery |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply to a tissue |
| -farct- | area of dead tissue |
| epi- | upon, above |
| isch- | to keep back |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -emic | condition of the blood |
| myocardium | muscular layer of the heart |
| necrosis | pathologic death of cells or tissue |
| necr- | death |
| pericardium | double layer of membranes surrounding the heart |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply |
| atrium | Chamber where blood enters the heart on both the right and the left sides |
| atri- | entrance, atrium |
| -id | having a particular quality |
| -cusp- | point |
| bicuspid | having two points, a bicuspid heart valve has two flaps |
| interatrial | between atria of the heart |
| inter- | between |
| interventricular (IV) | between the ventricles of the heart |
| mitral | shaped like the headdress of a catholic bishop |
| septum | thin wall dividing two cavities |
| tricuspid | having three points, tricuspid heart valves have three flaps |
| ventricle | chamber of the heart of cavity in the brain |
| arrythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| -rrhythm- | rhythm |
| a- | without |
| atrioventricular | pertaining to both the atrium and the ventricle |
| diastole | dilation of the heart cavities, during which they fill with blood |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound heard with a stethoscope when a valve closes or opens abnormally |
| sinoatrial node (SA) | center of modified cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium that acts as the pacemaker for the heart rhythm |
| sinus rhythm | normal heart rhythm arising from the sinoatrial node |
| systole | contracting of the heart muscle |
| vital signs | procedure during a physical examination in which temp, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure are measured to assess general health and cardiorespiratory function. |
| cardioversion | restoration of normal heart rhythm by electric shock or medications |
| -version | change |
| de- | from, out |
| -fibrill- | small fiber |
| defibrillation | restoration of normal cardiac activity in live threatening cardiac arrhythmias |
| fibrillation | uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle |
| -ator | instrument |
| pacemaker | device that regulates cardiac electrical activity |
| implantable | device that can be inserted into tissues |
| -plant- | insert |
| im- | in |
| -maker | one who makes |
| pace- | step |
| palpit- | throb |
| palpitation | forcible, rapid beat of the heart felt by the patient |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle, the myocardium |
| cor pulmonale | right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease. |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the lining of the heart |
| exudate | fluid that has passed out of a tissue or capillaries as a result of inflammation or injury |
| -sud- | sweat |
| ex- | out of |
| hypertrophy | increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element |
| incompetence | failure of valve to close completely |
| -ence | quality of |
| in- | not |
| -compet- | strive together |
| insufficiency | lack of completeness of function |
| -suffic/i- | enough |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium, covering of the heart |
| prolapse | organ slips out of its normal position |
| regurgitate | to flow backwards |
| -gurgit- | flood |
| sent/o- | narrow |
| tampon- | plug |
| stenosis | narrowing of canal or passage |
| tamponade | pathologic compression of an organ, such as the heart |
| anoxia | without oxygen |
| -scler/o- | hardness |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| asystole | absence of contractions of the heart |
| atheroma | fatty deposit in the lining of an artery |
| ather- | porridge, gruel |
| cardiogenic | of cardiac origin |
| hypovolemia | decreased blood volume in the body |
| occlude | to close, plug, or completely obstruct |
| substernal | under the sternum or breastbone |
| sub- | under |
| coarctation | constriction, stenosis, particularly of the aorta |
| congenital | present at birth either inherited or due to an event during gestation up to the moment of birth |
| -genit- | bring forth |
| cyan- | dark blue |
| con- | together, with |
| hypertension | persistent high atrial blood pressure |
| cyanosis | blue discoloration of skin, lips, and nail beds due to low oxygen |
| idiopathic | disease of unknown etiology |
| idi/o- | unknown |
| patent ductus arteriosus | open direct channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery in the newborn |
| syndrome | combination of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease process |
| syn- | together |
| -drome | running |
| tetra- | four |
| tetralogy of fallot | set of four congenital heart defects occurring together |
| ablation | removal of tissue to destroy its function |
| ablat- | take away |
| angiogram | radiograph obtained after injection of radiopaque contrast material into blood vessels |
| angi/o- | blood vessel |
| angioplasty | recanalization of blood vessel by surgery |
| catheter | hollow tube to allow passage of fluid into or out of. a body cavity, organ, or vessel |
| -ization | process of inserting |
| echocardiography | ultrasound recording of heart function |
| lipoprotein | bonding of molecules fat and protein |
| percutaneous | passage through the skin in this case by a needle puncture |
| per- | through |
| stent | wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open |
| thrombus | clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining |
| -lytic | pertaining to destruction |
| triglyceride | lipid containing three fatty acids |
| antiarrythmic | restoring a normal cardiac rhythm |
| -coagul- | clump |
| anticoagulant | substance that prevents clotting |
| chronotropic | affecting the rate of rhythmic movements in this case heart rate |
| -tropic | change |
| chron/o- | time |
| diuretic | agent that increases urine output |
| inotropic | affecting the contractility of cardiac muscle |
| ino- | sinew |
| pressor | producing increased blood pressure |
| sublingual | underneath the tongue |
| -lingu- | tongue |
| vasoconstrictor | agent that reduces diameter of a blood vessel |
| artery | thick-walled blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| claudication | intermittent leg pain and limping |
| claudic- | limping |
| doppler | diagnostic instrument that sends ultrasonic beam into the body |
| hemodynamics | science of the blood flow through the circulation |
| -dynam- | power |
| varix | dilated, tortuous vein |
| vein | blood vessel carrying blood towards the heart |
| varic- | varicosity, dilated, tortuous vein |
| arteriole | small terminal artery leading into the capillary network |
| brachial | pertaining to the arm |
| -ole | small |
| capillary | minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems |
| diffuse | disseminate or spread out |
| palpate | examining fingers and hands |
| sphygmomanometer | instrument for measuring atrial blood pressure |
| palpat- | touch, stroke |
| capill- | hairlike structure |
| sphygm/o- | pulse |
| -man/o- | pressure |
| stetho- | chest |
| vena cava | one of the two largest veins in the body |
| venule | small vein leading from the capillary network |
| aneurysm | circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber |
| dilation | stretching or enlarging an opening |
| edema | excessive accumulation of fluids in cells and tissues |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of plaque in an artery |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| sclerotherapy | injection of a solution into a vein to thrombose it |
| thromboembolism | piece of detached blood clot blocking a distant blood vessel |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein with clot formation |
| -thet- | arrange |
| phleb- | vein |
| -embol- | plug |
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