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Med Term CH 8
Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| leaflets | flat, leaf shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent the backflow of blood |
| lumen | tubular space of channel within an organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube |
| regurgitation | backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening |
| sphincters | circular muscles found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constrict or dilate to regulate passage of substances through its opening |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes |
| vasodilation | widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls |
| viscosity | thickness or a measure of how resistant a liquid is to flowing |
| aneurysm/o | aneurysm (widened blood vessel) |
| angi/o vascul/o | vessel (usually blood or lymph) |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriol/o | arteriole |
| atri/o | atrium |
| ather/o | fatty plaque |
| cardi/o coron/o | heart |
| electr/o | electricity |
| embol/o | embolus (plug) |
| hemangi/o | blood vessel |
| my/o | muscle |
| phleb/o ven/o | vein |
| scler/o | hardening; sclera (white of eye) |
| sept/o | septum |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| sten/o | narrowing, stricture |
| thromb/o | blood clot |
| valv/o valvul/o | valve |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (of the heart or brain) |
| -cardia | heart condition |
| -stenosis | narrowing, stricture |
| brady- | slow |
| endo- | in, within |
| extra- | outside |
| peri- | around |
| trans- | across |
| aneurysm | localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery |
| angina | chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium |
| arrythmia | irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 bpm in a resting adult |
| fibrillation | abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles |
| heart block | interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers |
| tachycardia | abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute |
| bruit | soft, blowing sound hear on auscultation and associated valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both; also called murmur |
| cardiomyopathy | disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function |
| coarctation | narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta |
| embolism | intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life-threatening situations |
| heart failure | disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood |
| hypertension | elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg |
| hypotension | low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg |
| mitral valve prolapse | structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood |
| palpitation | sensation of irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter |
| peripheral artery disease | common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly the leg) |
| rheumatic heart disease | serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve |
| syncope | partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decrease supply of blood to the brain |
| thrombosis | abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation |
| deep vein thrombosis | blood clot forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs |
| electrocardiography | procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs |
| holter monitor test | procedure that uses a small, portable system to record and store the electrical activity of the heart over a 24-48 hour period |
| stress test | taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill) |
| cardiac biomarkers | blood test that measures the presence and amount of several substances released by the heart when it is damaged or under stress |
| lipid panel | series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease |
| angiography | procedure that records a radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel (angiogram) after injection of a contrast medium |
| aortography | angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium |
| coronary angiography | specialized type of angiography that helps diagnose stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles |
| Doppler US | ultrasonography used to assess the direction and speed of blood flow through blood vessels by reflecting sound waves off red blood cells |
| carotid artery US | ultrasound procedure that determines blood flow problems caused by blood clots, plaque, or tears on the walls of the carotid arteries |
| echocardiography | ultrasound test that produces moving images of blood passing through the heart, valves, and chambers, and assesses cardiac output |
| myocardial perfusion imaging | noninvasive imaging test using a radioactive tracer in conjunction with a stress test to show how well blood flows through (perfuses) the heart muscle at rest and during exercise |
| single-photon emission computed tomography | myocardial perfusion test that involves injection of a radioactive tracer into the blood while a gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as "slices" of the heart |
| cardiac magnetic resonance imaging | specialized MRI procedure that provides imaging of he heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and pericardium |
| magnetic resonance angiography |
Created by:
RiellyLynn
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