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Unit 3
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ideologies vary among what groups | young people African American gender gap rural v, urban |
| how do financial status and religion affect ideology | social class is less predictive than it used to be religiosity more important than religious denomination |
| ideological voters | connect their beliefs with policy positions 12% |
| group benefits voters | voters identify with groups they think will benefit them (working class, small business owner, etc.) 42% largest group |
| nature of the times voters | are times good or bad 24% |
| no issue content voters | judge solely on personality 22% |
| Predicting ideologies | are very difficult combination of many factors |
| higher socio-economic statue | means higher participation rates who gets what in politics therefore depends in part on who participates |
| Mass media | method of reaching lots of people, described as the mirror and molder of public opinion tv, social, print |
| how does media show in public agenda | Media plays large role in shaping issues on which people's attention is focused. also agenda setting effect |
| What caused the distrust of the government? | water gate and Vietnam |
| what happened to foreign advertising? | there was a decrease because of how expensive it was and little interests |
| LINKAGE INSTITUTION: nominate candidates | candidates only have a realistic chance to win if they have support of a major party |
| LINKAGE INSTITUTION: run campaigns | relies on political parties by spreading their message and can provide some money |
| LINKAGE INSTITUTION: give cues to voters | party platforms act as shortcut to candidates liberal or conservative preferences |
| LINKAGE INSTITUTION: articulate policies | general understanding of policy |
| LINKAGE INSTITUTION: coordinate policymaking | party members between legislative and executive support fellow members and oppose opposition |
| Political polarization | the growing gap between the stands of the parties on policy issues |
| most voters are | moderate. campaigns focus on center |
| parties that seek voter loyalty | must position themselves to left and right of center to win over core supporters |
| what is the difference between where parties are on the spectrum vs. where most voters are on the spectrum. | voters are moderate whereas parties are extreme |
| party in the electorate is what | party membership is psychological, just need to claim themselves to be a member |
| party image | voter's perception of what the party stands for |
| party identification | citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party over another more Americans identify as independent |
| no two exactly the same | some well-funded-some poor parties look different across the nation Idaho democrat vs. California democrat |
| straight ticket voting | party column ballot. All same party. All in |
| split ticket voting | Office group ballot. Diversifying your voting options |
| who or what is the supreme authority of the party | National convention. every 4 years |
| What is the most significant impact of third parties | They have ideas that major parties steal |
| why run if you have 0% of winning? | to spread ideas and advertise publicly |
| why do we have a two party system | winner takes all vs. proportional. winner takes all, loser gets none. also, traditional |
| who writes the rules for elections and whatnot | winner of the election |
| which of the following is not a reason for why we have two political parties? | nothing in the constitution about the political parties |
| interest groups | organization with shared policy goals to achieve their goals. goal is to spread awareness |
| PAC | groups that raise money from individuals and distribute it in the form of contributions to candidates that the groups supporters. interest group |
| Buckley v. valeo court case can the government limit campaign contributions? | no but it can be justified |
| spending for campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidate's campaign is known as | independent expenditure |
| which of the following is true of amicus curaie briefs | they were used by interest groups to lobby courts |
| Buckley v. valeo limits on independent expenditures | cannot limit independent expenditure, limits freedom of speech |
| political socialization | how people gain their political attitudes and opinions. Factors are family, mass media, demographics, and geography |
| liberal viewpoint | prefers large government, helping environment, pro choice, anti gun, usually women voters , no death penalty |
| impact of internet | 1. More access to information, Pop culture over politics, Information is not always accurate 2. Communication in all directions Changes the nature of political campaigns/activists, Blogs, Social media |
| when and why did the relationship between media and government change? | government can run campaigns- parties help candidates by spreading their message and can provide some money (Impact of TV/internet) |
| FDR | image & radio |
| JFK | televised debate with Nixon |
| Reagan | great communicator, always on the tv as a great advertiser |
| broadcasting | when only major networks existed. Covered a broad range of stories and a broad view of the new |
| narrowcasting | started as cable networks competed for viewers. Targeted to specific, narrow groups of people. Has led to an increase in ideological content- no longer neutral |
| selective exposure | media shows favorable information that makes people think about it |
| political party | a group who seeks to control government by winning elections |
| goals of major parties | Nominate candidates. Run campaigns. Give cues to voters. Articulate polices-general understanding of policy (how aware the public is. Coordinate policymaking- party members between legislative and executive support fellow members and oppose opposition |
| 3rd party impact 1912 | Splinter party -splits from an existing party (ex: Teddy Roosevelt-progressive/bull moose party) |
| 3rd party impact 1992 | Candidate-centered party-no specific party (ex: Ross Perot- didn’t want to associate w/ either party) |
| 3rd party impact 2000 | Rarely win office but they matter – close elections (Ralph Nader-3rd party candidate of 2000 that caused the election to be influenced |
| federalist 10-what is the cause of factions | unequal distribution of property |
| single issue 3rd party examples | green, prohibition party |
| conservative viewpoint | prefers small government, pro life, pro gun, usually men voters, yes religion, support death penalty |
| types of political participation | poll, voting, protest, civil disobedience |
| Federal Communications Commission (FCC) | government body that regulates media, prevents monopolies , makes sure stations must serve public interests |
| private media | worries about audience size, doesnt need to be educational |
| public media | Public more common abroad, Public doesn’t need to worry about audience size educational (PBS KIDS) |
| what is the biggest media bias | controversy and scandal-towards something BIG. Liberal/conservative bias? Yes, somewhat |
| federalist 10- solutions for factions | 1. stop forming 2. limit power republic style solves it cause there are more diverse interests across nation. factions diluted. |
| federalist 10-what is a faction | interest groups or political parties |
| free-rider problem | people who benefit from a group but they don't give/pay their fair share (think of someone from a group project who doesn't do anything but still gets a good grade) |
| tactics of interest groups | lobbying (seeking influence from a government authority), electioneering campaigning in a way that favors a specific party/candidate), litigation (looking for a solution with lawsuits) |
| super PAC | unlimited money from people and unlimited independent expenditures, cant give to specific parties or reps. Outside spending to support/oppose candidates |
| Citizens United V. FEC what is now legal? | Corporations or interest groups can spend as much money on independent expenditures as they want |
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rblai5092
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