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human geo unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antecedent boundary | a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area. |
| association of southeast asian nations | a trade alliance that promotes trade and economic integration among member nations in Southeast Asia |
| consequent boundary | A type of subsequent boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing linguistic, cultural, or religious boundaries |
| Demarcated Boundary | actual placing of a political boundary on the physical landscape by means of fences, barriers, signs, etc. |
| Democratization | the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative |
| Devolution | when a central government authority grants more political power to a subnational region within their territory |
| ethnic nationalist movement | Ethnic, racial, and nationalist movements seek to advance group‐based politics in relation to their distinct identities. At different times movements can switch interchangeably between being ethnic, racial, or nationalist in character. |
| Ethnonationalism | the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence (positive in a nation-state, negative in multi-nation state). |
| choke point | a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger bodies of water OR a strategic land route that can be easily controlled or cut off |
| Colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory from 1500-1800s. |
| Delimited Boundary | a boundary, DRAWN on a map, and agreed upon. |
| European Union (EU) | an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among its members. |
| failed state | a state whose political or economic system has become so weak that the government is no longer in control. |
| Federal State | an internal organization of a state in which the national government shares power with subnational units of local government. Examples: the United States, Mexico |
| Imperialism | domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region, a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or economic policy or military force.( 1800s to the present) |
| infrastructure development | Creating or strengthening fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, such as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools (loans by LDCs are usually focused on this). |
| Irredentism | a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country, many times to regain former territory |
| multinational state | a state with more than one nation inside its borders |
| nation-state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| Neocolonialism | Also called economic imperialism, this is the domination of newly independent countries by foreign business interests that causes colonial-style economies to continue, which often caused monoculture |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | 1949 alliance of democratic nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved from the threat of communist forces. these democratic countries have continued this military alliance |
| relic boundary | A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area (e.g. border between West and East Germany in Berlin) |
| Shatterbelt | a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...). |
| balkanization | Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnic groups, named for the break-up of the former Yugoslavia into 8 ethnic majority countries on the Balkan peninsula |
| stateless nation | a group of people with a common culture and political identity who do not have sovereign territory |
| subsequent boundary | a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area |
| superimposed boundary | a boundary that is placed by an outside power on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns (typically a colonial boundary) |
| Supranationalism | term applied to associations created by three or more states for their mutual benefit and achievement of shared objectives (usually economic or for common defense) |
| Unitary State | an internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. Example: Japan, China |
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | a code of maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 nautical mile wide exclusive economic zones. |
| multi-state nation | a nation or cultural group that is divided across two or more state borders |
| centripetal force | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state, can be political, economic, or cultural |
| centrifugal force | a force that divides people and countries, can be political, cultural, or economic |
Created by:
kileymiller
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