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APWH Unit 2 Review

From Hanny's Notes

QuestionAnswer
What were major cities during 1200-1450? Timbuktu = Center of Islamic Learning (Also Kashgar) (Also Samarkand) Baghdad Hangzhou Chang'an Great Zimbabwe
Caravanserai animals: Camels, other pack animals like horses and oxen
Caravanserai - developments in camel _____ saddles
Caravanserai shows a focus on what? Efficient trade methods
The travel and trade between cities (AKA cultural diffusion) resulted in what? Urdu - Deusian language w/ influences of Sanskrit Hindi, Arabic, and Farsi
Causes of decline of cities: Overgrazing (Agriculture) Disease Invasions Political instablitity
Factors contributing to the Growth of Trade: Demand of luxury goods Safer and more reliable travel Political stability, decline of invasion Increased agricultural output
Travelers produced what which increased desire for travel? Travelogues
Travelogues: Ibn Battuta Marco Polo Zheng He Yuanzang Margery Kempe
More travel = what? Spread of disease
Agricultural introduction: Champa rice (China) Bananas (Sub-Saharan Africa) Cotton Sugar Citrus Crops (Middle East)
Causes of agricultural decline: Soil erosion from deforestation Overgrazing caused people to abandon farms
Mali Empire: Sundiata Mansa Musa
China Dynastys: Ming Song Yuan
Mongol Empire Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Golden Horde Pax Mongolia White Lotus Society Views on Religion
Syncretism Fusing of religions
Examples of syncretism throughout East Asia: Hinduism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam
Barter to Money economy: Flying Cash Banking Houses Agriculture Bills of exchange Paper money Caravanserai
Key aspects of Empires Centralized Government Feudalism Bureaucracy (Political Structure)
Cultural Diffusion Different cultures spreading to different areas due to travel/trade
Tribute Offerings in exchange for protection
Swahili City-states Part of Indian Ocean trade, traded Slaves, ivory, & gold, spoke Swahili
Strait of Malacca Narrow inlet many ship captains used to travel between ports in India and China; Sultan becoming so powerful in the 1400s that expanded the state into Sumatra and southern Malay Peninsula
Diaspora Settlements of people away from their homeland; settlers introduced own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures, influencing the culture of the merchants
Caste System Organization of society via social ranks
Overgrazing of land Planting same crops so that all nutrients are lost
Belief systems Religion
Impact of Disease Bubonic Plague
Transmission of Black Death Fleas (probably)
When did epidemic break out in Europe? 1347-1351
# of black death victims around 75 million
Result of black death Feudalism declines because reduced economic activity means shortage of people to work on the land
Long term effect of the plague: Measured by factors other than land, Europe is in a transitional period
Causes of Trade of Silk Roads/Indian Ocean Easier to traverse Carrying more goods on junks Advancements in maritime technology Cheaper to travel by sea
Effects of Trade Diasporas New Language Cultural Diffusion Expansion of more demand of commercial goods Indian Ocean slave trade
Camel Caravans Main trade travel
Caravanserai Inns
Gold + ivory Main luxury goods
Mali Empire Empire founded by ruler Sundiata
Zimbabwe City in Southern Africa
Ghana Empire founded after fall of Mali
Spread of Islam Trade of Arab Merchants from Abbasid Caliphate
Connections across Afro-Eurasia through trade Islam
Spread of knowledge Literature -> Merchants, travelers
Popular World History sets

 

 



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