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Respiratory System
Chapter 10 Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bronchiol/o | bronchiole (little airway) |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| carb/o | carbon dioxide |
| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
| lob/o | lobe (portion) |
| or/o | mouth |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| palat/o | hard/soft palate in mouth |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| pleur/o | lining of the lungs (pleura) |
| -pnea | breathing |
| pneum/o & pneumon/o | air or lung |
| spir/o | breathing |
| uvul/o | uvula |
| paranasal sinuses | air filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity |
| palate | roof of mouth; hard and soft; separates nasal and oral cavity |
| tonsils function/adenoid | filter air and prevent bacterial invasion |
| glottis | opening between the vocal chords |
| carina | cartilaginous ridge at the point where the trachea divides into the right and left bronchi |
| mediastinum | partition that separates the thorax into 2 compartments (right and left lungs) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland |
| parenchyma | functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| hyperpnea | deep breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| apnea | inability to breathe |
| orthopnea | ability to breathe only in an upright position |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth, and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by decrease, resulting in apnea |
| crackles/rales | popping heard in lungs when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in brochiectasis or atelectasis |
| wheezes | high-pitched, musical sounds heard as air flows through a narrow airway; asthma or emphysema |
| rhonchi | added sound with a musical pitch during inhaling or exhaling while passing thru a narrow airway or mucus buildup |
| Sonorous rhonchus | low pitched rhonchi |
| Sibilant rhonchus | high-pitched/ squeaky rhonchi |
| stridor | high-pitched, crowing sound that happens when upper respiratory tract is blocked |
| caseous necrosis | death of tissue; looks like swiss cheese |
| dysphonia | hoarseness |
| epistaxis | nose bleed |
| expectoration | coughing up and spitting out material from lungs |
| hyper- capnia/carbia | excessive level of CO2 in blood |
| hypo- capnia/carbia | deficient level of CO2 in blood |
| hypoxia | deficient oxygen in the tissues |
| pulmonary infiltrate | density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter w/i the air spaces of the lungs, usually from inflammation |
| atelectasis | collapse of lung tissue |
| bronchiectasis | abnormal dilation of the bronchi w/ accumulation of mucus |
| COPD | combo of emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited condition; secretion of thick mucus that obstructs passageways within the body; damages tissue and obstructs airways |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | acute respiratory infection; inflammation; creates a funnel-like elongation of tissue causing a seal-bark cough. |
| Croup | LTB in children and infants |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity |
| empyema/ pyothorax | accumulation of pus in plural cavity |
| pneumoconiosis | chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from inhaling dust, asbestos or silicone (thing mesothelioma) |
| pneumothorax/ Pneumohemothorax | air in the pleural cavity because of a puncture of the lung or chest wall; add blood for the hemo |
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