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WW1 Test
20th Cent. History Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| War Guilt Clause (Versailles) | Germany and other Centeral Powers had to take all the blame for the war |
| Self-determination (Versailles) | a nation can seek to create its own independent gov/state |
| Reparations (Versailles) | the payments/transfers of property/equiptment Germany was forced to make |
| Keynes' "Consequences of Peace" (Versailles) | - stiff war reparations/other harsh terms imposed on Germany would lead to the financial collapse of the country - (would have serious economic and political repercussions on Europe) |
| Leauge of Nations (Versailles) | international organization created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes |
| Nationalist / Kuomintang Party (China) | - leaders: Sun Yat Sen, Chiang Kai-shek (1925), Mao Tse-tung (in charge of propaganda) - controlled: Canton & Kwantung - accepted communist members in 1924, but Chiang later purged them from the party when he believed there were too many of them |
| October 10th, 1911 (China) | revolutionaries in southern China revolted against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Republic of China, ending the imperial system |
| Three Principles of the People (China) | - nationalism (self-determination for Chinese ppl/minorities in China) - "rights of the people" (democracy/allowing Chinese ppl to control their government) - "people's livelyhood/socialism" (equalization of land ownership through fair taxation) |
| May 4th Movement (China) | - Japan would receive the German colony of Shantung in China - university students protested/advocated for a more assertive gov - humiliated at the hands of Western & Japanese governments - strengthening support for nationalist & communist parties |
| The Long March-1934 (China) | - CCP members escaping KMT persecution - through mountains to Shensi in the North - ¾ of the members died from starvation, disease, & exposure to the elements - was a success cause members survives |
| Racial Equality Clause at Versailles (Japan) | - abolish racial discrimination of minorities in countries - Japan wanted Japense immigrants not to be discriminated against in Western countries |
| Washington Naval Conference (Japan) | - disarmament conference called by the United States - US concerned over rising Japanese militarism/international arms race - Japan was treated unequally and they were mad |
| McMahon & Hussein Correspondence (M.E) | - series of letters exchanged during World War I - UK gov agreed to recognize Arab independence in exchange for the Sharif of Mecca launching the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire |
| Sykes & Picot Agreement-1916 (M.E) | - secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France - knew O.E would fall, so BR and FR wanted to define which areas they would influence/control |
| Armenian Genocide-1915 (M.E) | - Turks didn't want Armenians to be considered a part of Turkey - Turkey wanted to establish "Turkishness" |
| Mandates (M.E) | - France got Syria and Lebannon - Britain got Mesopotamia and Palestine |
| Balfour Declaration-1917 (M.E) | - British government annouces public support for Jewish people establishing a home state (Zionism) |
| Montagu Reforms (India) | - Britain would SLOWLY allow India to develop self-governing institutions |
| Rowlatt Bills (India) | - a series of bills that extended the British government’s wartime powers - censored free speech - Gandhi was opposed and encouraged Indian's to non-violently reject the bills |
| Amritsar Massacre-1919 (India) | - a group of Punjabi (mostly Sikh) ppl gathered peacfully - British gov previously outlawed these assemblies - British military open fired on the men, women, and children in the crowd - Sikhs had been the most loyal Indian subjects, this now changed |
| Satyagraha-1919 (India) | - Strikes broke out in many cities; violence between ppl and police - Britain responded with martial law, curfews, & the prohibition of public gatherings - what led to the Amritsar Massacare |
| Homespun campaign (India) | - push for Indians to give up buying British textiles and to make their own clothes - led by Gandhi |
| Salt March-1930 (India) | - Gandhi challenged British power by attempting to break the government’s monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt |
| February Revolution (R.R) | - factor owners can't control workers - workers locked out of factories - soilders were on the peoples side - basically anarchy - monarchy falls, prov. gov. takes over |
| Provisional Government (R.R) | - Kadets dominated gov, Menshivik's worked w/hem - Kadets loyal to traditional Russian gov (Monarchy) - Leader: Alexander Kerensky - Wanted to stay in WW1 |
| Kadets (CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY) (R.R) | - Wants constitutional monarchy like Britain - "above classes" - supported land reform/distribution among the peasants; compensation for landlords |
| The Soviet Worker Councils (R.R) | - Represented workers - Run by an executive committee of radical intellectuals |
| Kornilov Coup (R.R) | - attempted military coup d'état - Russian Army vs Prov. Gov. - Kornilov had been organizing for soldiers to move into Petrograd and eliminate the Soviet - Failed: workers (Red Gaurd) fought off Army |
| Treaty of Brest Litovsk (R.R) | - seperate peace treaty between Russia and Centeral Powers - ended Russia's participation in WW1 - recognized independence of Ukraine, Georgia and Finland - lost Poland and Balkans - Trotsky was not happy |
| The Russian Civil War (R.R) | - Red Army defended newly formed Bolshevik government; led by Lenin - Bolshevik's vs anti-Bolshevik armies - Tsar's family killed |
| War Communism (RR.) | - economic policy applied by Bolsheviks during Russian Civil War - private buisnesses made public, forced requisition of surplus grain and other food products |
| Red Terror (R.R) | - campaign of political repression/executions carried out by the Bolsheviks - Bolsheviks vs bourgeois (landlords, factory owners, capitalists) |
| Cheka (R.R) | - Soviet secret-police organization |
| Kulaks (R.R) | - a wealthy or prosperous peasant |
| The New Economic Plan (R.R) | - ended grain requisitioning policy - introduced elements of capitalism/free trade into Soviet economy |
Created by:
georgiarigney
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