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BIO324 Cardio System
Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the number one cause of death in men and women? | cardiovascular disease |
| What are risk factors for cardiovascular disease? | tobacco, diabetes, HTN, hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol |
| Diagnostic tests only supplement the *blank* | HISTORY, want to take a good one! |
| What is a myocardial infarction? | results from prolonged myocardial ischemia |
| What cholesterol is good? | HDL |
| What cholesterol is bad? | LDL |
| Where do most MI's occur? | at the site of new unstable plaques |
| Who is less likely to experience chest pain with their MI? | older patients, women, diabetics |
| What is important with an MI? | ambulance transferring, cardiac monitoring, and AEDS in the community |
| What is the most important test for MI? | EKG |
| What cardiac enzyme is most important? | troponin (more sensitive and specific, elevates early) |
| How is an MI managed? | MONA |
| What does MONA stand for? | morphine, oxygen, nitrogen, aspirin |
| What is systolic HF? | heart isn't pumping enough |
| What is diastolic HF? | heart isn't relaxing enough |
| What is the leading cause of systolic dysfunction? | coronary artery disease |
| What is the leading cause of diastolic dysfunction? | uncontrolled hypertension |
| What are symptoms of left sided HF? | dyspnea, orthopnea, weak + fatigued, weight gain |
| What are symptoms of right sided HF? | peripheral edema, anuria, heart mumurs (fluid around the heart) |
| What is an important lab for CHF? | x-ray for pulmonary congestion |
| What is the level for a HTN crisis? | greater than 190 |
| Who has an increased incidence of HTN? | males, AA, elderly |
| What is the proper way to take a BP? | proper size cuff, arm at level of heart, 5 minutes before resting, no caffeine 60 minutes before or smoking 30 minutes before |
| What is the most common arrhythmia in the US? | atrial fibrillation |
| What is the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation? | the atrial rate is so fast the P waves disappear on the ECG |
| What is a dangerous sign of atrial fibrillation? | syncope -> could mean starting to embolize |
| How is A-fib treated? | electrocardioaversion within first 48 hours |
| What are the 4 parts of Tetralogy of Fallot? | pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy |
| What are signs of TOF? | squatting, clubbing, lack of energy, cardiomegaly |
| how is TOF treated? | close up defects and implant shunts to make blood flow in correct direction |
| What is odd about myocarditis? | It can happen in otherwise healthy people. |
| What can myocarditis result in? | rapidly progressive heart failure = fatal |
| What are common symptoms associated with myocarditis? | pleuritic chest pain, friction rub, and tachycardia |
| How does myocarditis resolve? | most cases = without treatment; viral resolves on own and bacterial needs antibiotics |
| The most common cardiac anomaly found in young athletes is... | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| What are common symptoms with HCM? | dyspnea, chest pain, syncope BUT most physical exams come back normal |
| What studies are done for HCM? | ECG = abnormal, ECHO - LV wall thickened |
| How is HCM treated? | BB, CCB, surgry (myomectomy) |
| What is the main cause of cardiac tamponade? | physical trauma |
| What test is the gold standard for cardiac tamponade? | ECHO |
| What is a sign of cardiac tamponade? | Beck's Triad = hypotension, jugular vein distension, muffled heart sounds |
| What does cocaine do to the heart? | it increases heart rate b/c increased demand for oxygen, vasoconstriction |
| What do you test for cocaine? | urine drug screen |
| Treatment for cocaine and the heart? | O2 and nitroglycerine |
Created by:
kristina2992
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