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BIO324 Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology

QuestionAnswer
What is retina pigmentosa? breakdown and loss of cells in the retina; changes to retina's response to light, makes it hard to see
What is the leading cause of blindness for people over 60 years old? glaucoma
What is dry age related macular degeneration? An accumulation of proteins that cause retinal cells above them to lose function
What is wet age related macular degeneration? Leaky blood vessels in the retina
Which is worst, wet or dry AMD? wet
How is AMD checked for? optical coherence tomogram - let's the doctor see behind the eye
What does glaucoma do? damage to the optic nerve, usually as a result of increased pressure in the front of the eye
What happens with open angle glaucoma? Eye doesn't drain as well as it should, painless, no vision changes at first, gradual
What happens with closed angle glaucoma? Iris is close to drainage angle in eye; drainage angle becomes completely blocked ad eye pressure rises quickly; acute attack! can lose sight within hours
What are signs of closed angle glaucoma? sudden blurry vision, headache, halos around lights, n+v
What is the treatment for glaucoma? damage is permanent, treatment to prevent further damage (surgery and medications)
What are the two stages of diabetic retinopathy? non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR
What is diabetic retinopathy? high blood sugars cause damage to blood vessels in retina
what is non-proliferative DR? tiny blood vessels leak and make the retina swell
What is proliferative DR? retina grows new blood vessels that bleed and scar tissue formed can lead to retinal detachment
What are symptoms of DR? increased number of floaters, blurry vision, poor night vision; usually occur in both eyes
What is the difference between glaucoma and DR? glaucoma affects one eye; DR affects both
How is DR prevented? see eye doctor yearly, control blood sugars
What is strabismus? both eyes don't look at the same place at the same time = cross eyed
When does an eye doctor examine a child whose eyes do not appear to be straight all the time? any child older than 4 months
What are risk factors for strabismus? family hx, refractive error (farsighted), down syndrome, CP, stroke
What is an important symptom of strabismus for kids? tilting the head to look at things
Which type of strabismus is most common? esotropia (inward turning)
What is anterior uveitis? swelling of uvea near the front, sudden
What is intermediate uveitis? swelling of uvea in middle of the eye; cycles of good and bad
What is posterior uveitis? swelling of uvea toward the back, gradual
What causes uveitis? shingles, herpes, syphilis, lyme disease, parasited, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, eye injury, or smoking
What are symptoms of uveitis? red eye with or w/o pain, asymmetrical pupil, oblong area
Who is at highest risk for retinopathy of prematurity? babies born before 31 weeks and 1250 grams or less, but can happen in any premature baby
What is important for a baby with ROP? they must have a followup after leaving the hospital
What is amblyopia? lazy eye; breakdown btw eye and brain and brain can't recognize site from the one eye; leads to one eye becoming stronger than the other
What is the most common cause of vision loss in kids? amblyopia
What are treatments for amblyopia? Glasses -> patch -> eye drops
What are cataracts? lens becomes cloudy
What are symptoms of cataracts? seeing bright colors as faded or yellow, having blurry vision, seeing double, trouble seeing at night
What is the most common cause of cataracts? aging
What is retinoblastoma? eye cancer
What are symptoms of retinoblastoma? pupil looks white with light, redness, swelling, appear to look in different directions
What signals a need for eye exams? family history of retinoblastoma
What is the goal for retinoblastoma treatment? Preserve vision
Created by: kristina2992
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