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Back on Martin's BS

Islam Chapter 1 Unit Test Study guide

QuestionAnswer
Yemen -Only fertile place on the Arabian Peninsula -Trading point for spices and incense
Damascus -Ummayad Capital -Central to their massive empire
Medina -Used to be called Yathrib -Re-named to "City of the Prophet" -Where Muhammad fled for 8 years from polytheistic Bedouins assassins in Mecca who did not like his message -The capital under the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Baghdad -Capital for Abbasid Caliphate -Moved to compete with Constantinople -Resembled Persians more than Islam -Created a disconnect between the Arabian Peninsula and the capital, so that more independent city states poped up.
Mecca -Birthplace of Muhammad & Islam -Where Muhammad first preached Islam -Home of the Ka'aba -Massive center of trade for Asia, Africa, and Europe
Who were people and groups associated with Sunni Muslims? -Umar -Uthman -Ummayads -Abu Bakr
Who were people and groups associated with Shia Muslims -Ali -Abbasids* (could be both sides)
Describe the Arabian Peninsula Very dry and impoverished desert Only fertile part was Yemen
What countries did the AP connect Asia Africa Europe
Who were the Bedouins? Arab nomads who lived in clans and traveled on camels. Polytheistic/pagans and thrived in the desert. The large amount of people and culture mix threatened their culture.
Mecca before Muhammad Home of the Ka'aba which housed 360 gods Center of trade Pilgrimage center
Hadith Muslims Oral tradition Muhammads teaching recorded after being passed down by mouth from generation to generation written 50 YEARS AFTER HIS DEATH
Sira Mulims A formal biography written 100 YEARS LATER
Who was Muhammad and what did he do? The founder of Islam and the final prophet. He recieved his message through the angel Gabriel at the age of 40 and converted people to monotheistic ways. Married to Kadija.
(Muhammads life etc 1) As he spread his word he was chased out after a threat on his life by pagans who did not like his message. Fled to Yathrib and it was renamed the City of Prophet (Medina) because they took his message well.
(Muhammads life etc 2) His word was the one everyone trusted. 8 Years later, they stormed Mecca and distroyed the Idols in the Ka'aba explanding the religion more. Died 10 years after establishing Islam.
Who were Muhammad's first converts His wife, Cousin (Ali), Abu Bakr, Uthman, Umar
Describe the Quran Sacred word of Allah as revealed to Muhammad. Emphasizes honesty, sincerity, and social justice. Harsh penalties for crimes likes stealing and murder Acknowledges Christianity and Judaism Written in Arabic
Who are the people of the book? Why are they called that? Christians and Jews. Because they both have their own book similar to the Quran and trace their religion to Abraham.
5 Pillars of Islam Shahadah: there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet. Salah: Pray 5 times per day facing Mecca Zakat: Almsgiving (give to the poor) Sawm: Fasting for one month during Ramadan Haji: Pilgimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime (If able)
What was Muhammads journey to Medina/ Yathrib called? Hijra
Difference between Sunni and Shia Sunni: best man for the job Shia: must be a direct decedent of Muhammad
Sufi Pverty and devotion, con Ummayad, Monks
Kharijites All/men equal Strict Quran interpretation ridged control
4 Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
Abu Bakr Muhammad's father in law and og follower Elected by Muhammad's followers Rivals with Ali Disputed election Enabled Muslim conquest of parts of Persia and Byzantine
Umar Og follower of Muhammad Supported Abu Bakr Effective ruler Murdered by Persian Christian Disputed election
Uthman Og Muhammad Follower Part of Umayyad clan Conquest and leadership Seen as lethargic and corrupt Murdered by Muslims in 656 Ali was appointed after him
Ali Cousin to Muhammad and married his daughter Circumstances taints position Umayyad did not like him and civil war ensued Murdered by Umayyads /Muawiya challenges him
Muawiya-Umayyad Medina->Damascus (centrally located) Very lavish lifestive that caused the split of Muslims in to Shia Sunni (etc) Transformed into King/ Monarch Palace
Umayyad Dynasty Uthman descendants and of Muawiya
Abbasid -Moved capital to Baghdad to compete with Constantinople -Created a disconnect with Mecca -Independent city states poped up during their reign but were still conected through religion economy trade -Poisioned the Ummayads (cousins) ate their dinner
Umayyad conquests 711 Spain conquest Pushed to France Battle of Tours 732 (Charles Martel defeated them and haulted expansion into western Europe) Muslims in Spain 900 gave them their golden age Pushed out by Reconquestia 1492 rule ended
Name 3 monotheistic religions Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians (oldest religion)
Why did the Ummayad dynasty fall? Strayed so far from Islam with materialistic views that made many people unhappy and Abbasids murdered them
Abbasid decline -Declined in 800s -Quality of the military went down because they made enslaved people fight and they were not about that -Slave revolt -Seljuk turks took the W and took Baghdad
How were conquered people treated Convert, pay tribute, join military, or die
Muslim Women Rich- watched kids, monitored the servants and house Poor- watched kids, worked with husband in the farm Had a lot more rights but were slowly stripped away Had access to education
Ideal man The ideal man was a combination of multiple beliefs and religions (not 100% right but you get the jist, u prob dont lmfao)
Muslim contributions in medicine al-Razi's Comprehensive Book which combined multiple different tactics along with his own experience to create an encyclopedia of medicine
Muslim contributions in math Algebra and the logical thinking style Optics (rays pass from objects to the eyes) (created the lenses in microscopes and telescopes)
Muslim Arts and Astronomy Astrolable, 1000 and 1 nights, calligraphy, dark academia vibes architecture
House of Wisdom Combination of Ideas of people all around Africa Europe and Africa which translated a bunch of works into Arabic and helped Europe out of Dark Age under Abbasid
Created by: I love bagels
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