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HIST 150 Mid Term

Question	Answer
With the development of languages, human beings were able to	Accumulate knowledge and transmit it into new generations
The most common themes and subjects associated with neolithic gods were those of moral judgement and esoteric values like love and artistic achievement.	false
Which of the following effects did the slash-and-burn cultivation have on he communities that used it?	significant soil erosion and accompanying landslides, water contamination, and/or dust clouds, as without trees and vegetation and their root systems, soil washes away during heavy rains and blows away during droughts.
The most important development of Homo erectus was	language skills
What do archeologists now believe is the most fundamental difference between the neolithic and paleolithic eras?	Reliance on cultivation for substance
Homo erectus is the order of primates that flourished in Africa as early as four million years ago	false
The earth came into existence around	4-5 billion years ago
the sculptures of women usually depicted with exaggerated sexual features are known as venus figurines	true
Between sixty and fifteen thousand years ago, homo sapiens used superior intelligence, sophisticated tools, and language to	exploit the natural world more efficiently than any other species the earth had seen.
Which of the following key differences from other animal species and hominids helped homo sapiens develop language?	an evolutionary shift in throat structure
Which of the following is true of the Neanderthals?	They hunted big game animals rather than only scavenged dead ones. At times, they ate each other. They intentionally buried their own dead.
Homo erectus flourished from about two million to two hundred thousand years ago	true
the earliest of the three neolithic craft industries was	pottery
One of the interpretations of the early human cave paintings is that they represent	a variety of sympathetic magic.
The venus figurines	reflect early humans' deep interest in fertility.
Neanderthal peoples flourished in Europe from around two hundred thousand to thirty-five thousand years ago, and they performed deliberate burials accompanied by ritual observances.	true
Evidence from Catal Huyuk shows that great differences in wealth and material possession developed among its population	true
From the period four million to one million years ago, which of the following flourished in east africa?	Australopithecus
The foraging lifestyle required	hunting and fishing animals and foraging for wild vegetation and other nutrients like honey, for food
Cities differed from Neolithic villages in two principal ways first, cities were larger and more complex than Neolithic villages the second difference was that cities	Cities decisively influenced the economical, political, and cultural life of large regions.
Form some conventional historians, the term prehistory refers to the period before	writing
The ultimate source of wealth in any agricultural society is	land
Which of the following statements about homo erectus is accurate?	Homo erectus overlapped in time with Australopithecus. Homo erectus had large browridges.
Catal Huyuk is significant in part because it	It is one of the best known Neolithic settlements
Which of the following statements about australopithecus is not true?	They produced cleavers and axes
The definition of Homo sapiens is consciously thinking human	true
In representations of the rapidly changing agricultural cycle, neolithic worshippers sometimes associated fertility with animals like	frogs or butterflies
Why did paleolithic societies possess much more gender equality than neolithic ones?	in neolithic society, Women were expected to take care of the children, while men could go hunt for food. This created the basis of a history where gender roles would come to affect the lives of everyone.
Which of the following effects did homo sapiens have on their environment during the paleolithic era?	They were hunters and gatherers
Jericho is a site of cave paintings in Spain	true
Evidence shows that Mesopotamians	traded with peoples as far away as anatolia, egypt, and india
The powerful Babylonian king who formulated a sophisticated law code was Hammurabi	true
Conditions for women in mesopotamia	Mesopotamian women had almost equal rights, could own businesses, buy and sell land, live on their own, initiate divorce, and, though officially secondary to men, found ways to assert their autonomy
Which of the following languages is of Indo-European origin?	Sanskrit, Old Persian, Greek, Latin, Hindi, Farsi, and most European languages.
The Israelite god was known as Yahweh	true
while hammurabis code was based on the concept of lex tallonis, it was also shaped by	social standing
The babylonians eventually fell in about 1595 BCE to the	Hitties
The original homeland of the Indo-european speakers was likely	Southern Russia
What primarily drove the early cities of Mesopotamia to all become city-states?	cultivating plants and domesticating animals, they stayed in one place and form permanent villages. Eventually, those small settlements grew into early cities
Which of the following is true of the priests and temple communities of early Mesopotamia?	Priest and Priestesses were powerful rulers over temple communities.
The later Mesopotamian people who built a large empire based on a powerful army with iron weapons and the use of professional officers were the	Assyrians
Which of the following was the primary result of the development of formal schools in Mesopotamia?	To train scribes and priests
The creator of the first empire in Mesopotamia was	King Sargon of Akkad
Mesopotamian metalworkers discovered that if they alloyed copper and tin, they could produce	bronze
At its high point, the Assyrian Empire controlled not only Mesopotamia but also Syria, Palestine, much of Anatolia, and most of Egypt	True
The earliest urban societies known so far emerged in the	southern Mesopotamia
How did the Phoenicians differ from many other of the powerful societies in the Mesopotamian region and Southwest Asia?	Phoenicians were merchants who also embraced the Mesopotamian society, and built extensive meritime trade networks, which connected southwest Asia with the Mediterranean basin.
The first complex society was developed in the southern Mesopotamian land of	Sumer
Recent scholarship suggests that the phoenicians may likely have descended from people in the region of modern Bahrain in the Persian Gulf	False
Mesopotamian stepped pyramid is known as a	ziggurat
lex talonis was a legal principle, the law of retaliation	true
Mesopotamia developed into a	strict patriarchal society
The first simplified alphabet, containing only twenty two letters was created by the	Phoenicians
Which of the following is a Semitic language likely spoken in ancient sumer?	Akkadian, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Phoenician
In Mesopotamia, prisoners of war, convicted criminals, and heavily indebted individuals were the three main sources for	slaves
Nebuchadnezzar was the first conqueror to unite all of Mesopotamia	False
iron metallurgy that produced iron tools and weapons strong enough to use came to mesopotamia from the	Hitties
The most vigorous of all New Kingdom pharaohs was____ Who led his troops into palestine and syria and also dominated parts of North Africa	Tuthmosis III
The largest Egyptian pyramids were built during the	Old kingdom
Monotheistic religious traditions never developed independently in sub-Saharan Africa this came with the much later spread of christianity and islam	false
By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by the	Indo-Europeans
The capital of the kingdom of Kush was	Kerma
Which of the following is true of the Old Kingdoms in Egypt?	Early pharaohs were associated with the sky god horus, but this changed over time
The Bantu originally came from around	Modern-day Nigeria and Cameroon
The Nile River links the Mediterranean basin to the north and sub-Saharan Africa to the south	true
The tribes that as early as 3000 BCE began to spread their language and agricultural techniques throughout Africa were the	Bantu
Early Bantu people lived in clan-based villages and engaged in both agriculture and domestication of animals	true
During the eighth century BCE Egypt fell under the control of the___ for almost a century	Kushites
The Greek words meaning "holy inscriptions"	are the origin of the term Hieroglyphs
In the mid-seventh century BCE Egypt lost its independence and became a part of the	Assyrian Empire
The title pharaoh	Meant "great house" in Egyptian and was used by the rulers of the ancient Egyptian centralized state
Osiris judged whether or not souls were worthy of immortality	By weighing their hearts against a feather symbolizing justice
The Bantu probably began their migrations because of	population pressures
Akhenaten was devoted to the Egyptian god Aten. This represented one of the world's first expressions of monotheism	true
Queen Hatshepsut ruled alone as pharaoh, the only female pharaoh who was powerful enough to not share power	false
Tradition suggests that egypt was united around 3100 BCE by the conqueror	Menes
The Hyksos were	Horse-riding external invaders who eventually captured Memphis and levied tribute throughout Egypt
The early sudanic societies recognized a single divine force as the source of good and evil and the associated it with	rain
In which of the following societies did women enjoy the most political influence	Egypt
In Kush	There is evidence of many female rulers
Which of the following is true of the cult of Osiris?	Osiris was associated both with immortality and with the Nile and crops
The egyptians were the most imperialistic during the	New Kingdom
Around 3100 BCE the conqueror Menes founded ____a city that would serve as the capital for early Egypt	Memphis
What were the Nubians strongest interests in their neighboring Egyptian kingdom?	Protecting themselves against conquest and profiting from trade
Horse-drawn chariots and bronze weapons were introduced into Egypt by the	Hyskos
The new kingdom was a powerful Egyptian state created after the Hyksos were pushed out of power	true
Pharaohs in the new kingdom were	more vigorous in their attempts to extend egyptian authority beyond the nile valley and delta
The earliest known urban society in South Asia was the	Indus Civilization
In early Vedic times the Indo-Aryans based social distinctons and thus the early forms of the caste system on	Indo-Aryan or Dravidian ancestry
Indo-aryans were	Indo-Europeans
The "World of the Fathers"	was the Indo-Aryan heaven
At its height the population of Mohenjo-daro was likely around	40,000
The collapse of the Indus Civilization cause the disappearance of wheat, barley, and cotton cultivation for over a century	true
Which of the following is true of the early agricultural development of the Indus Civilization?	Wheat and barley were the primary crops grown by early inhabitants of the Indus valley
Which of the following statements about Indus society is true?	They produced representational art
Moksha is the transmigration of the soul	false
The importance of the Indo-Aryan god Indra suggests what about Vedic society	It was unstable and turbulent
The principle measure of wealth in early Indo-Aryan society was	cattle
The Rig Veda is a collection of hymns, songs, and prayers that provides a great deal of information about the values of the Indo-Aryans	True
Which of the following statements about the Indo-Aryans is true?	They practiced limited agriculture as they entered India, instead relying on a pastoral culture
The most important aspect of the Indo-Aryan religion during the early Vedic times was	the proper performance of ritual sacrifices.
Mohenjo-daro was	One of the two larger cities of Indus Civilization society
"Now as a man is like this or like that, accoring as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be: a man of good acts will become bad acts, bad" this passage form the Upanishads explains what religions concept?	Karma
The two principal means to achieve the goal of moksha are	asceticism and meditation
The task of butchering animals or handling dead bodies usually fell to the	untouchables
The Upanishads are reflections and commentaries on the Vedas	true
The mixing of Indo-Aryan traditions with Dravidian beliefs would ultimately help bring about the religion of Hinduism	true
The most prominent of the Indo-Europeans who entered the Indian subcontinent called themselves Indo-Aryans which means	"noble people"
Indo-Aryan priests were called brahmins	true
The Indo-Aryans referred to social classes by the term	varnas
Based on archaeological evidence from early South Asian history, historians believe that	Harappa and Mohenjo-daro served as economic and political centers
Varuna was the chief god of the Indo-Aryans, associated with rain and war	false
Evidence relating to trade indicates that the indus peoples	traded with the Mesopotamians
The authors of the Upanishads believed that the highest goal of the individual soul was to	escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and enter into permanent union with Brahman.
The Indo-Aryans initially based their caste system in part on skin color	true
The earliest of the orally transmitted religious and literary works of the Indo-Aryans was the	Vedas
What was a major change in Indo-Aryan political organization between 1000 and 500 BCE	Tribal chiefs began to use political administrators and rule from permanent capitals
The mandate of heaven	heavenly powers granted to govern
Groups of Homo erectus made their appearance in East Asia	true, approx 800,000 years ago
The "Period of the Warring States" refers to the	the violent last centuries of the Zhou dynasty
How did chinese men gain their rights to public authority in that ancient patriarchal society?	by virtue of the female line of their decent
Many early chinese literary works were destroyed by	The order of the first qin emporer
The lines, "this young lady is going to her future home/ And will order well her chamber and house" come from	The book of songs
The Zhou dynasty (1766-1122 BCE) monopolized the technology of iron metallurgy	false
with regard to gaining or losing the mandate of heaven, the chinese spoke of	Tian
The powerful southern rival to the Zhou were the	Chu
Which group retained much more influence on public and private affairs in China than in other lands?	Women
The nomadic tribes to the north and west of china traded with the zhou	but did not imitate Chinese ways.
What aspect of political organization did Shang and Xia rulers have in common?	a reliance on political alliances
Along with Bronze weapons, the Shang nobles used _______ to devastating effect against their opponents	chariots
In an effort to foretell the future, the Shang made use of	Oracle bones
Chinese and nomadic peoples were often engaged both in extensive trading and in bitter wars with each other	true
The Shang rulers were strengthened by their control over the technological advantage of	Bronze metallurgy and horse drawn chariots
Women generally had less power and status during later Shang and Zhou times than during the Xia and early Shang dynasties	false
Preserved oracle bones have helped to reveal the day-to-day concerns of the Shang royal court	True
Which river takes its name from its light - colored loess soil?	yellow river
One of the first attempts to organize public life in China on a large scale occurred during the	Xia dynasty
The book of songs was a Zhou collection of verses	true
In ancient China, which group presided at the rites and ceremonies honoring ancestors' spirits?	The Shang
One of the reasons for the eventual collapse of the Zhou Dynasty was the inability of its emperors to control the production of	iron
The early Chinese shipped textiles and metal goods to the nomads of the central Asian steppes and typically received what in return?	agricultural products/ tade or raid.
Which of the following best characterizes society in other regions of china during the xia and shang dynasties?	similar states and large cities dominating other regions
The Chinese impersonal heavenly power was known as tian	true
Which dynasty laid the foundation for principles of government and political legitimacy?	the Zhou dynasty
What ended the period of the Warring states?	the Qin dynasty
The Olmec common people	labored regularly on behalf of the Olmec elite
Which of the following was the earliest known society of agricultural villages and ceremonial centers in Mesoamerica, deeply influencing later societies?	Olmec
The most important political center of the Maya realm at its height was	Tikal
Moche was one of the earliest Andean states that left a remarkable artistic legacy	true
Which of the following is true of early agriculture in Mesoamerica?	Agricultural fields had to be prepared by humans because of the lack of animals that could be used for tilling
The Maya were a Mesoamerican society that developed a sophisticated form of writing and made advancements in mathematics	true
Which of the following mathematical concepts essential for positional notaion and the manipulation of large numbers was invented by Mayan mathmaticians?	zero
The most notable artistic creations of the olmecs were	colossal human heads sculpted from basalt
The first complex Mesoamerican society was the Maya	false
Which of the following is true of Mayan writing?	it contained both ideographic elements and the representation of syllables
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the aboriginal peoples of Australia and New Guinea	The aboriginal peoples of Australia maintained hunting and gathering societies until European contact. While in New Guinea agriculture became common.
The population of Teotihuacan rose to almost	200,000
One of the earliest Andean states, which left a remarkable artistic legacy through its ceramics was	Moche
Most scholars believe the Olmec ceremonial centers of San Lorenzo and La Venta were destroyed by	The Olmecs themselves
Which of the following is associated with the Chavin culture?	Deities with the features of both humans and wild animals
The state of teotihuacan was famous for its orange pottery, and built on the olmec calendar and graphic symbols	true
Malayan, Indonesian, Filipino, Polynesian and other oceanic languages are derived from	Austronesian
The political center of the Maya from about 300 to 900 CE was Tikal	True
The Olmecs traded extensively in	jade and obsidian
The Pyramid of the sun was located in	Teotihuacan
Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Mayan rituals because	they believed it would prompt the gods to send rain for crops
In the ninth century CE, a loose Mayan empire was constructed by the state of	Chichen Itza
The Mayan calendar interwove a solar year of 365 days and a ritual calendar of _____ days	260
After climate change and droughts brought Moche and other Andean societies to an end, andean peoples demonstrated a much more homogeneous nature thatn the varied and complex peoples of Mesoamerica	false
Chavin complexes such as chavin de Huantar were primarily commercial and residential cities in nature, though some had religious significance as well	false
Soon after discovery of its agricultural potential by 4000 BCE the staple food of Mesoamerica became	Maize
Some historians view the Olmecs as a "sister culture," suggesting	Their impact on other cultures occurred but was fairly limited compared to those who think of it as a "mother culture"
Agriculture had spread through Mesoamerica by	2000 BCE
We know that Olmec society was likely authoritarian in nature because of	The massive number of laborers necessary to build and support ceremonial centers
Which of the following devices did the ancient Maya build in order to trap silt carried by the numerous rivers passing through the Mesoamerican lowlands?	terraces
The Seleucid Empire	employed a form of imperial administration copied from the Achaemenids
Satrapies were	Persian administrative and taxation districts
Zarathustra viewed the material world as	a gift from Ahura Mazda that should be enjoyed
Zoroastrianism began to attract large numbers of his followers during the sixth century BCE particularly among	aristocrats
Which of the following lists of Persian empires is in correct chronological order, from earliest to latest	Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanians
The empire comprising most of the old Achaemenid state that was taken by a general of Alexander the Great was the	Seleucid Empire
The greatest Parthian conqueror was	Mithridates I
The magnificent capital of the Persian Empire constructed by Darius was	Persepolis
The Sasanians were defeated in 651 CE by	Arab Warriors
What was the greatest danger to the Persian Empire of the use of satraps, which led Achaemenid rulers to appoint military officers and tax collectors to serve with them?	That the satraps would try to gain power for themselves and threaten the empire
Buddhism, Christianity and Manichaeism were the three religions of salvation that flourished in the Persian realm following the decline of Zoroastrianism	true
Ctesiphon was	the capital of the Parthian and Sasanian empires
The Persian loss to the Greeks in 490 BCE was at Marathon	true
A common characteristic of Persian religion prior to Zarathustra was a glorification of strength and marital values	true
A long-term effect of the conquests of Alexander was an intensification of long-distance trade	true
The battle of Marathon in 490 BCE proved to be	a Persian loss
The emperor of the Achaemenid Empire at its greatest extent was cyrus	false
The Seleucids were finally defeated in 83 BCE by the	Romans
Which of the following did the free classes possess in the Persian empires	the right to marry and move about as they wished
The decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the Persians was called the battle of	Gaugamela
Pasargadae was	the capital of the Persian Empire before Persepolis
Which of the following best characterizes the Medes and the Persians upon their arrival in Persia?	They were mostly pastoralists and wielded substantial military power
The Persian king who regularized tax levies and standardized laws was	Darius
Prior to conquest by the Romans, who caused significant trouble for the Seleucids in their rule of the old Achaemenid Empire?	Their own satraps and the Parthians
Shapur I was the	Sasanian king who managed to defeat the Romans in several battles
The qanat were	persan underground canals
In 525 BCE the persian emperor Cambyses captured	Egypt
Which of the following is true of Persian emperor Xerxes?	He harshly repressed rebellions and was seen as cruel
Darius picked up the idea of a standardized government-issued coinage from the	lydians
The Sasanians claimed direct descent from the Achaemenids and ruled from224 to 651 CE	true
The man who first declared himself emperor of a unified china was	Qin Shihuangdi
Shang Yang was the most powerful Han emperor	false
Han Wudi was known as the "socialist emperor"	false, he was the "martial emperor"
The Book of Lord Shang is a work that helped develop the doctrine of	Legalism
Chinese Daoist philosophers often spoke of the following which means "the way"	dao
The founder of the Han dynasty was	Liu Bang
The Daoist thinkers spoke of wuwei, which referred to	Disengagement from the competitive exertions and active involvement in affairs of the world
The greatest and most dynamic Han emperor, known for his administrative centralization and imperial expansion, was	Shang Yang
Of the following Qin Shihuangdi's most important contribution to China was	Shihuangdi created the first unified Chinese empire. The bureaucratic and administrative structure that he institutionalized as emperor remained the basis of all subsequent dynasties in China
Qin Shihuangdi pursued which of the following policies during his reign?	standardized the laws, currencies, weights, and measures of the various regions of China.
The first proclaimed emperor of the unified Chinese state was Qin Shihuangdi	true
What was the school of philosophical thought that returned order to China after the Period of the Warring States?	Legalism
The Chinese script was standardized during the reign of	the Qin dynasty
Which group of people was the greatest military threat to the Han dynasty?	Xiongnu

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