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Medical Terminology
Chapter 12: Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. albumin/o | protein |
| 2. bacteri/o | bacteria |
| 3. cyst/o, vesic/o | bladder or sac |
| 4. glomerul/o | glomerulus (small ball) |
| 5. nephr/o, ren/o | kidney |
| 6. ureter/o | ureter |
| 7. kidneys | two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that excrete urine, remove wastes from the blood, and reclaim important electrolytes and water |
| 8. hilum | indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave |
| 9. renal artery | one of two blood arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta that supplies the kidney with blood |
| 10. renal cortex | outer part of the kidney |
| 11. renal medulla | inner part of the kidney |
| 12. nephron | microscopi functional unit of the kidney; long comvoluted tubular structure consisting of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule), proximal tubule, nephron loop, and distal tubule |
| 13. collecting duct | tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
| 14. renal pelvis | basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney |
| 15. urinary bladder | sac that holds the urine |
| 16. creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine |
| 17. dysuria | painful urination |
| 18. nocturnal | bed-wetting during sleep |
| 19. hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| 20. enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control |
| 21. nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| 22. urethrocytosis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
| 23. urethral stenosis | narrowed condition of the urethra |
| 24. urinary tract infection (UTI) | invasion of pathogenic organisms in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise |
| 25. renal angiogram | x-ray image of the renal vessels obtained after injection of contrast dye |
| 26. abdominal sonogram | abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder |
| 27. urinalysis | physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine |
| 28. pH | measure of acidity or alkalinity of urine |
| 29. glucose | chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; most often used to screen for diabetes |
| 30. ketones | chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation and uncontrolled diabetic state |
Created by:
Mutoni
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