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Chapter 5

Respiratory System:Not Built from Word Parts

TermDefinition
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. Respiratory failure in an adult. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
asphxia deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation
asthma respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main components. Result of cigarette smoking
coccidioidomycosis fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (valley fever)
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) respiratory infection caused by a virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset; the disease course can range from mild to severe with the possibility of ARDS and multi-system organ failure
croup condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children (laryngotracheobronchitis).
cystic fibrosis (CF) hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
deviated septum one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
diphtheria serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Creates a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx, which can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. It is rare in developed countries.
emphysema loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen. (component of COPD)
epistaxis nosebleed (rhinorrhagia)
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which reduces lung capacity, often affects adults over 50, smoking, pollutants, and heredity play role in genesis. Exertional dyspnea and dry cough, no cure
influenza (flu) highly contagious and often severe viral infection of respiratory tract
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea (absence of breathing); can produce daytime drowsieness and elevated blood pressure.
pertussis highly contagious bacterial infection of respiratory tract characterized by severe hacking cough, followed by an acute crowing inspiration or whoop. (Whooping Cough)
pleural effusion fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma
pulmonary edema fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure
pulmonary embolism (PE) matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of lower extremities=common cause
tuberculosis (TB) infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs
upper respiratory infection (URI) infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usually caused by a virus (commonly called a cold)
PPD skin test TB skin test
stethoscope instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultaion and blood pressure measurement
crackles discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resemble the sound of the rustling of cellophane; often heard at the base of the lung posteriorly in heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis (also called rales)
effusion escape of fluid into tissue or body cavity
hyperventilation ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
hypoventilation ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs
paroxysm periodic, sudden attack
rhonchi low-pitched, with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretion in the large airways
stridor harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicates an acute laryngeal obstruction
wheeze whistling noise with a high pitch, caused by air flowing through narrowed airways. Commonly associated with asthma and chronic bronchitis
bronchoconstrictor agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
bronchodilator agent causing the bronchi to widen
nebulizer device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
ventilator mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
mucopurulent containing both mucus and pus
patent open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi
sputum mucus from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
airway passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
aspirate to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
nosocomial infection an infection acquired during hospitalization
Created by: kbkrause
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