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Judaism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| TaNakh | the Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions--the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings |
| Reconstructionist Judaism | more modern than reform; holds a person's default position should be to incorporate Jewish laws and tradition into their lives. |
| Berakhah | blessing to g-d |
| shema | a prayer from the Book of Deuteronomy reminding the Jewish people to love God with all their heart, soul, and strength |
| shacharit | morning prayer |
| Mezuzah | small box that is plaved on the right doorpost of Jewish homes containing the tefillen |
| Tallit katan | the fringes on a prayer shawl, a string on your finger that reminds you to think of g-d |
| amidah | refers to a series of blessing recited while standing |
| siddur | Jewish prayer book containing the Jewish Liturgy |
| mincha | afternoon prayer |
| minyan | The quorum of ten adult males required for Jewish communal worship; reads the Torah, Shema, and the Amidad |
| shabbat | the Sabbath - Jewish Day of Rest - 7th day and day of prayer - put all worldly stuff aside - starts Friday night at sundown, end Sundown Saturday evening |
| bris | ritual circumcision |
| mohel | Jewish man who performs the ritual of circumcision |
| shiva | 7 days of mourning for family and friends |
| sukkot | fall harvest festival, named after the nuts or booths in which jews are supposed to dwell for a week. |
| yom kippur | Jewish Day of Atonement- fasting and reflecting on one's sins |
| Rosh Hashanah | the Jewish New Year festival, held on the first (also sometimes the second) day of Tishri (in September). It is marked by the blowing of the shofar, and begins the ten days of penitence culminating in Yom Kippur. |
| olam Ha-ba | the world to come |
| Israel | an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Convenant | Pact with God made to protease and preserve the Jews and his chose people in exchange for their devotion and adherence (there are 3 main covenants in Jewish history). |
| ashkenazic | American Jews from Eastern Europe, France, or Germany |
| Sephardic | Jews from Spain, Portugal, former Ottoman Middle East, and North Africa |
| mishnah | the name of the document, primarily book of Jewish legal theory |
| gemara | additional commentaries that written on the mishnah |
| halakhah | laws of Jewish life "way" a Jewish is directed to behave in every aspect of life. |
| torah | includes both the narrative of the formation of the people of Isarel and laws defining covenant |
| kosher | prepared according to Jewish dietary law (allowed) |
| reform judaism | Modern Judaism with fewer rules and more room for individuality |
| orthodox judaism | reject reform movement; adhering to the traditional and established |
| conservative judaism | mix of both orthodox and reform views; sees Jewish law as obligatory through practice there is an enormous range of observance |
| bat mitzvah | Coming-of-age ceremony for a young Jewish girl |
| bar mitzvah | the religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of 13 and is regarded as ready to observe religious precepts and eligible to take part in public worship. |
| get | bill of jewish divorce that can only be granted by the husband |
| talmund | the collection of Jewish rabbinic discussion pertaining law, ethics, and tradition consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara |
| mitzvot | 613 commandments in the Torah made from Halakah |
| ma'ariv | evening prayer |
| tefillin | Two small black boxes fastened to leather straps, containing parts of the Torah and worn during morning prayer. reminders of God's law |
| aleinu | Closing prayer in synagogue( marks the end of all 3 daily prayer) |
| ketubah | jewish marriage contract |
| chevra kadisha | a burial society known in Aramaic that prepares the body for burial |
| shavuot | Celebrates when Torah was given to Moses at Mt. Sinai, when the Covenant was established; traditional to eat milk and cheese products |
| tikkun olam | repairing the world/ source of hope for a perfect and peaceful world. |
| messiah | "annointed one", designating a king or priest of Israel who has had holy oil poured on his head |
| kaddish | jewish prayer for the dead |
| passover | Jewish holiday celebrated in the spring, commemorating the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. The last plague in the 10 plagues. "passed over" |
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