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Chapter 5
Organs & Anatomic Structures of the Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nose | lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air |
| nasal septum | partition separating the right and left nasal cavities |
| paranasal sinuses | air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities |
| pharynx | serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus. (also called the throat) |
| adenoids | lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity (also called the pharyngeal tonsils) |
| tonsils | lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx |
| larynx | location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box) |
| epiglottis | flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing |
| trachea | passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx (also called the windpipe) |
| bronchus (pl. bronchi) | one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore referred to as a bronchial tree |
| bronchioles | smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree |
| alveoli (s. alveolus) | air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries (also a term for the sockets in the jaw bones into which the teeth fit) |
| thorax | chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphram encased by the ribs. Thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphram. |
| lungs | two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes. |
| pleura | double-folded, serous membrane covering each lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid. |
| mediastinum | space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures. |
| diaphram | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out. |
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