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Social Studies:Unit2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prehistory | TIme period before invention of writing |
| Historians | Study of how people lived in the historical past; study of human artifacts as well |
| Artifacts | Objects made by humans |
| Anthropology | Study of past and present humans |
| Culture | Way of life in society- Beliefs values and practices handed down |
| Archaeology | Study of past people and culture through material remains |
| Olduvai Gorge | Deep canyon in Tanzania/ Evidence of the use of tech found there by the Leakeys (in the Great Rift Valley) |
| Technology | Tools/ Skills meet basic wants and needs of people |
| Mary and Louis Leakey | Found ancient tools chipped from stone in Olduvai Gorge -Mary found bone in rock 20 years later |
| Donald Johanson | Complete skeleton in 1974 "Lucy" Anthropologist Lucy was before the division of us and other early humans |
| Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Period) | Earliest period/ Made tools around 12K years ago |
| New Stone Age (Neolithic Period) | 12K-5K years ago/ Tools and then to the start of writing development (2nd period) |
| Nomads | Paleolithic people who move from place to place looking for food |
| Animism | Belief that there are spirits in plants, animals, and other natural objects |
| Neolithic Revolution | Change in human society from moving (hunting and gathering) to settling (agriculture and domestication of plants and animals) |
| Domesticate | To raise plants and animals in a controlled way (best suited for human use) |
| Catal Huyuk | Large Neolithic village in modern day Turkey, Population -6.5K Around 7200 BC |
| Jericho | Neolithic village near Jordan river in the Middle East (small, only a few 1000 people) |
| Surplus | Left over goods after all needs have been met |
| Traditional Economy | Depends on traditions and customs/ Doesn't change |
| Civilization | Advanced stage of human society (Higher culture, science, industry, and well organized govt. ) |
| Steppe | Dry grasslands, Not very fertile |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods |
| Artisans | Skilled Craftspeople (pottery, stone carving, wooden goods) |
| Pictograph | Basic drawing / Alike the object it depicts |
| Scribe | Trained to read and write |
| Cultural Diffusion | Spread of ideas, culture, tech, from people to people |
| City-State | Political unit including the surrounding villages and lands |
| Fertile Crescent | In eastern part of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley (Persian Gulf to Mediterranean Sea) |
| Mesopotamia | Ancient Greeks named "Between the rivers" Civilizations |
| Sumer | 1st civilization in SE Mesopotamia 3300 BC |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Stories about Gilgamesh (hero), collected into a poem, about a great flood destroying the world |
| Hierarchy | System of ranking social status |
| Ziggurat | Largest building/ Pyramid like temples /Step tower |
| Cuneiform | Earliest known writing 3200 BC "Cuneus" Latin for wedge, due to the shape |
| Codify | To set all laws in writing to govern a state |
| Civil Law | The code deals with private rights, business, taxes, property, inheritance, marriage, and divorce |
| Criminal Law | The code deals with murder, assault, and theft |
| Bureaucracy | Govt. managing system runs through many department / officials |
| Barter Economy | Goods and service in exchange for goods and service |
| Money Economy | Goods and service for tokens with an appointed value |
| Colony | Territory settled and ruled by the people of another land (Ex. 13 Colonies) |
| Alphabet | Writing system Symbols for sounds |
| Sargon | Akkad Ruler (next to Sumer) who conquered Sumer and built the 1st empire |
| Hammurabi | Brought Mesopotamia under 1 ruler / Babylonian empire /Wrote Hammurabi's Code - 1754 BC, much was from Sumerians |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Ruthless, grew Babylon from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea |
| Zoroaster | Rejected the Persian gods, just 1 good and one evil, you chose who you follow |
| Subcontinent | Large landmass jutting out from a continent |
| Plateau | Risen level of land |
| Monsoon | Seasonal wind part of the global wind patterns |
| Harappa Mohenjo Daro | Indus Cities/ Twin capitals to each other/ Both 3mi. circumference - Means it was pre planned, and planned well |
| Veneration | Special regard for cattle |
| Scarcity | Shortage of supply |
| Economics | Study of managing scarce resources |
Created by:
Msb118
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