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Disorders
Naming & Identifying Disorders for massage clients
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achondroplasia | Most common inherited form of dwarfism |
| Asymmetric Cartilage Growth | Repeated trauma or inherited |
| Genu Valgum (knock knees/ tibial valgus) | Hip adductors are tight, feet are in overpronation |
| Genu Varum (bowed legged/ tibial varus) | seen in child hood, rickets (vitamin D deficiency), hip abductors are tight |
| Club Foot (talipes equinovarus) | Congential deformity of the foot in which the forefoot is turned inward (like a golf club); the achilles tendon will be tight |
| Flat Foot (pes planus) | Foot in which the medial longitudinal arch is either dropped or absent; the forefoot is in inversion; |
| Pes Cavu ( high arch) | An exaggerated and high longitudinal arch of the foot; muscles/structures affected include intrinstic foot muscles, tibialis anterior and posterior, plantar fascia is shortened, with tension at anterior calcaneous |
| Bunions (Hallux valgus) | Bony prominence at the first metatarsal head, in which the toe points laterally |
| Osteopetrosis | Rare inherited bone disorder in which there is abnormally dense bone with complications such as lack of bone marrow and nerve entrapment |
| Padget's Disease | A thickening/ disorganization of bones structure; osteoblasts lay down bone in an irregular and abnormal manner |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Inherited disorder that affects joint, ligaments, teeth, sclera and skin; collagen formation is dysfunctional, leaving bone brittle. |
| Osteomalacia and Rickets | Demineralization (softening bone) due to vitamin D deficiency, commonly seen in children; osteomalacia is seen in individuals before they develop osteoporosis |
| Scurvy | Condition that causes bleeding under the periosteum, bone, joints, and gums, delayed wound healing and bruising, all due to a vitamin C deficiency |
| Osteoporosis (osteo=bone, porosis=porous) | Bone disorder in which there is a decrease in bone mass/ density; serveral factors exist |
| Osteomyelitis | An infection of the bone, caused by bateria in blood or inoculation of pathogens to tissue |
| Fracture | A break in the bone; different types exist -Transvers: bone breaks straight across -Comminuted: bone breaks into many pieces -Spiral: bone breaks diagonally/ oblique -Greenstick: incomplete break, common in children |
| Collateral Damage | -Extensive muscle necrosis (cell/ tissue death) -Hemorrhage due to damaged blood vessels (bleeding) -Tearing of tendinous insertions and ligaments (strain/ sprain) -Nerve damage (loss of sensory/ motor function) |
| Classification of Fractures | -Open: breaks the skin, exposed to environment -Closed: does NOT break the skin, tissues are intact -Displacement: bone's displaced > the thickness of the bone -Pathologic: seen in osteoporosis, avascular necrosis; bone is weak, breaks spontaneously |
| Factors that Delay Healing | -Too much motion -Poor Apposition - Open Fractures - Smoking -Diabetes -Steroid Medications -Poor Nutrition |
| Stress Fractures (fatigue/ March fractures) | Stress induced micro-fractures caused by repetitive use; seen in activities such as skiing, jogging, overtraining, eating disorders |
| Myositis Ossificans | Condition in which a damaged muscle, tendon, ligament or fascia ossifies as a result of traumatic injury; seen in athletic adolescents and young adults |
| Arthralgia | Joint Pain |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of the joint, accompanied by joint pain |
| Crepitus | Abnormal sound or grating sensation of the joint; a possible sign of loss of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bones, or early stage of osteoarthritis |
| Strains | Trauma to the musculotendinous unit (muscle-tendon unit) from excess or forced stretch; a tear in the tendon |
| Sprain | A tear or injury to a ligament; ligament tears are more serious and take longer to heal because ligaments connect bone to bone, and are avascular (have no blood) |
| Luxation (Dislocation) | Complete dislocation of a bone |
| Subluxation (Dislocation) | A partial dislocation of bone |
| Osteoarthritis (Osteoarthrosis) | Non-inflammatory degeneration of the articular cartilage seen in weight bearing joints and fingers: also known as the "wear and tear" arthritis, or early degenerative joint disease |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | Autoimmune joint disorder with slow, chronic and progressive inflammation; affects women 2-3x more than men |
| Lyme Disease (Infectious Arthritis) | Caused by a tick (lxodes dammini) which carries the spirochete bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi; takes several days to develop |
| Gout | A condition that results from an increase in serum uric acid level, leads to deposition of urate crystals in joints and kidneys; uric acic crystallizes and deposits in joints, especially in the 1st toe |
| Tendonitis | Inflammation of a tendon |
| Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) | Overuse syndrome commonly seen in tennis players; muscles affected are the extensors of the wrist, particularly the extensor carpi radialis brevis which become hypertonic (tight) due to overuse |
| Golfer's Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) | Overuse syndrome of the medial aspect of the elbow, affects the flexors of the wrist |
| Tendosynovitis | Inflammation of the tendon sheath |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursa; caused by trauma or overuse with improper biomechanics |
| Osgood Schlatter Disease | Condition in which there is tenderness, swelling and bone growth at the tibial tuberosity; seen in young athletes, usually resolves after bone matures |
| Plantar Faciitis (Heel Spur syndrome) | Pain in the heel due to overuse, microtears in the plantar fascia; pain in the heel in the morning, especially when getting out of bed |
| Muscular Dystrophy | A spontaneous, progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | X-linked (sex linked) disorder in which there is progressive muscular weakness secondary to fiber degeneration; affects 1 out of 3,500 males |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Autoimmune disorder in which there is abnormal fatigability due to a deficiency in acetylcholine (Ach), with antibodies to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction |
| Fibromyalagia Syndrome (FMS) | Idiopathic disorder described by pain, tenderness, muscle stiffness, tender attachments and nearby soft tissues |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine; progression depends on severity and size of the curve as well as its location |
| Kyphosis | Excessive curvature of the thoracic spine("hunchback"); shoulders will appear slouched or medially rotated. Muscles of the anterior shoulder and pectoral gridle are often affected |
| Lordosis | An exaggerated cervical and/or lumbar curvature; also known as "swayback", the pelvis will be tilted anteriorly. Weak abdominal and hamstring muscles, poor posture |
| Vascular Back Pain | Pulsatile or throbbing; pressure is applied to the cord and spinal nerves |
| Neurogenic Back Pain | Pain into the lower extremities (radicular symptoms) |
| Viscerogenic Back Pain | Disorders of the kidneys or other organs which spread to other pars can compress on adjacent structures, especially on the spinal cord and/or nerves |
| Psychogenic | Emotional stress can cause muscle guarding or tightness of the muscles in the lower back, making symptoms worse |
| Spondylogenic Back Pain | Most common type of back pain, usually due to disc degeneration |
| Spondylolisthesis | Slippage of a vertebrae onto another; may be congenital or due to trauma |
| Ankylosisng Spondylitis | Degenerative joint disease of the spine, affects men, associated with chronic inflammation, fibrosis, bone fusion (ankylosis) |
| Bamboo Spine | Appearance of the spine as disease progresses |
Created by:
LadyCeci
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