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BOC studying 7
Human Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The bottom number of a blood pressure reading is the _ pressure | Diastolic |
| The optimum time an ice pack should be applied to a body part is 10 minutes. This is to avoid the _ response | Hunting |
| Redness and swelling during the inflammation process are caused by all of the following | Histamine prostaglandins serotonin bradykinin |
| What is the level of desirable total cholesterol ? | less than. or equal to 200mg/100mL |
| What is known as the separation of electrically charged particles causing a transmembrane electrical potential difference? | Resting membrane potential |
| When sodium ions move into a cell and the transmembrane potential is reduced , and when potassium ions rush out of the cell and the transmembrane potential is gradually re established, an action potential is created. The 2 phases describes above? | Depolarization and repolarization |
| What is the primary component of striated skeletal muscle? | Muscle fiber |
| What does a motor unit consist of? | A motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers it innervates |
| What type of muscle fiber is more prevalent in a sprinter's lower extremity? | Fast twitch |
| What mineral must be present in adequate amounts in the muscle fiber for a contraction to occur? | Ca++ |
| In addition to the release of energy, the breakdown of ATP during a muscle contraction produces what byproduct? | ADP + PO4 |
| During aerobic metabolism, enzymes reduce large molecules of carbohydrates, fat, and protein into smaller particles so they can be oxidized in a chain of smaller reactions. what is this series of chemical reactions collectively called? | The Krebs cycle |
| Deep pain may originate from 3 specific areas when a nerve is injured. These areas are known as sclerotomes, myotomes, and dermatomes. Sclerotomic pain is transported by what type of nerve fibers? | Unmyelinated C fibers |
| Muscular fiber arrangements may be known as _ or _. | Fusiform, pennate |
| What is amenorrhea? | Absence of flow during menses |
| What should be avoided by and athlete who has frequent episodes of contipations? | Laxatives or enemas |
| Hemophilia occurs when which of the following blood factors is missing | Factor VIII |
| In addition to the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar gas of the lungs, what other factors influence the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream? | The thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane and the amount of surface area available for diffusion |
| A patients pulmonary function is tested via spirometry. Several measurements are taken during this test. What is the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration? | Vital capacity |
| During what phase of the menstrual cycle does a graafian follicle mature? | Follicular |
| What are the 2 phases of menstration? | Follicular, luteal |
| What structure is not innervated? | Enamel of a tooth |
| A football player sustained a large laceration to his lower leg 4 weeks ago. Which type of repair has taken place by this time? | Secondary healing |
| Noxious stimuli that are created by musculoskeletal injury result in the release of endorphins and enkephalins during the mediation of pain. These opioids are produced by the stimulation of _ of the midbrain and _ in the pons and medulla | Periaqueductial gray area, raphe nucleus |
| A female field hockey player is still complaining of a grade 2 MCL sprain she suffered almost 3 months ago. How long may it take for a ligament to completely heal after a significant injury? | up to 1 year |
| You are aware of a diabetic patient who has just self administered his morning insulin and has practice within the next hour. What would be a prudent action to suggest to this patient before he begins exercising? | Eat a slice of bread with peanut butter or cheese prior to practice |
| Physiological responses to cryotherapy | Decrease muscle spasm Analgesia increased joint stiffness |
| An athlete falls on an outstretched hand and injures his wrist. The AT suspects a scaphoid fracture, because this area has poor blood supply which of the following conditions may occur if the injury is mistreated? | Aseptic necrosis |
| A soccer player gets kicked in the low back. He reports to have blood in his urine, what term describes this sign of an internal injury? | Hematuria |
| Smooth muscle tissue is found in what structures? | Lungs arterial walls colon intestines |
| While performing an isometric contraction, a patients should be instructed to breathe normally to prevent the valsalvas effect. What occurs when the patient produces the valsalva effect? | There is significant, rapid rise in blood pressure |
| During ballistic stretching, the Golgi tendon organs are unable to produce a relaxing effect of the muscle because of the constant stimulation of which of the following structures? | Cerebral cortex |
| The adrenal glands secrete what substances? | Cortisol epinephrine aldosterone estrogen |
| A male patient get kicked in the groin and sustains an injury to the testicles. The major function of the testes is to produce _ and _ | Spermatozoa and testosterone |
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