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AP World 1.6 Review

QuestionAnswer
What happened during the Middle Ages in Europe? trade declined, intellectual life receded, and the united Roman state was replaced by smaller kingdoms who frequently fought each other
What happened during the HIGH Middle Ages (1000-1450)? Learning and trade began had a revival in Europe
What decentralized political system were most of the small kingdoms in Europe using? Feudalism
What is feudalism? A political/social/economic system based on exchanges of land for loyalty/service
What was the mutual obligation between lords and knights in the European feudal system? Lords provided land to knights and the knights would pledge to fight for the lord
What was the mutual obligation between kings and lords in the European feudal system? Kings would grant large tracts of land, called fiefs/estates/manors, to lords, and the lords would become the king's vassal
What was the mutual obligation between lords and serfs/peasants in the European feudal system? Lords provided land and protection to peasants, and the peasants farmed the lord's land and provided crops and livestock to the lord
How was wealth measured in Europe at this time? In land
What was chivalry? A code of honor for knights that focused on bravery and courtesy; helped resolve disputes
What was the three-field system? A method of rotating crops through three fields; one was used for the fall harvest (lentils, peas, beans) (made soil more fertile because nitrogen), the second field was used for the spring harvest (wheat), and the third remained empty
What technological developments in agriculture helped grow the population? Development of windmills and new types of plows
What happened to monarchies during the later Middle Ages? They grew larger and more powerful by employing their own bureaucracy and military
What was the Estates-General in France? A body to advise the king; included representatives from each of the 3 classes/estates in France
What were the three estates (legal classes) in France? the clergy, nobility, and commoners
What modern day countries made up the Holy Roman Empire? Northern Italy, Germany, Belgium, and France
What led to the destruction of the Holy Roman Empire? the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
Which two groups of people made up the modern English people? Normans and Anglo-Saxons
Why was the Magna Carta created and what did it do? It was created because English nobles wanted the king to respect their rights; it limited the king's powers and forced him to follow the law
What body did the Magna Carta eventually create? the English Parliament
What two countries fought in the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)? England and France
What was the Great Schism? The split of the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church (dominated Europe) and the Orthodox Church (powerful in Greece to Russia)
The Church established the first ____ in Europe. Universities
What were the Crusades? a series of European military campaigns in the Middle East for control over the Holy Land
How did Marco Polo affect Europe? His accounts of his travels intrigued Europeans, leading to developments in cartography/map making
What was the bourgeoisie? The middle class between nobles/clergy and peasants; consisted of shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, and small landholders
What happened during the Renaissance in Europe? There was a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, art, culture, and civic virtues. There was an increased use of vernacular language and centralization of government.
What was humanism and when did it become more relevant? the focus on individuals rather than God; during the Renaissance
Created by: 588368
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