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World History - Ch 9

Islamic Empires in Asia

TermDefinition
ghazis Warriors for/of Islam
reaya Ordinary subjects in Ottoman territories, i.e, peasants or citizens with no ruling authority; "protected flock"
millets Separate religious communities that the sultans (leaders of the Ottoman empire) allowed to live in different regions
Osman A ghazi leader who had great success fighting against the Byzantines, with his tribe member being named the Ottomans
Janissaries A highly trained troop of slave soldiers created by the Ottoman sultans
Timur Turko-Mongol leader who interrupted the Ottoman expansion, claimed to be a descendant of Genghis Khan
Mehmed II New leader of the Ottoman empire after Murad, conquered Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it Istanbul, making it the Ottoman capital
Süleyman The greatest Ottoman sultan, bringing the empire to its height, known as "the Magnificent" in Europe and "the Lawgiver" by his own people
kizilbash "Red Heads", the army/military group created by the Safavid dynasty to fight for political power
Safī od-Dīn Head of the Safavid dynasty in the 1200s,
Esmā'īl A member of the Safavid who was captured as prisoner by the Persians, but escaped into hiding and eventually became the head of the kizilbash, capturing the city of Tabrīz, taking on the title of shah, Persian "King of kings"
Tahmāsp Son of Esmā'īl, tried to fight against the invading Ottoman empire after the fall of the Safavid dynasty
'Abbās Became shah in 1587, during the instability of the Safavid empire; was able to recover all of the territory the Safavids lost with a reformed military group
Rajputs Indian warrior princes
Bābur Descendant of the Mongol leader Timur, attacked India in 1526 to try to gain control in central Asia
Akbar Grandson of Bābur, greatest Mughal emperor; introducing an improved tax system; encouraged art, literature, and architecture; introduced the phrase "Allahu Akbar"
Shan Jahān A ruler of the Mughal empire during its height; best known for two famous buildings constructed during his reign: Taj Mahal and Hall of Private Audience in the Red Fort at Delhi
Taj Mahal One of the architectural wonders of the world, was built by Shan Jahān as a tomb for his beloved wife, Mumtāz Mahal
Sikh A new religion arisen from the teachings of an Indian mystic Nānak; called for devotion to one God, lack of idols, and a less rigid social system
Aurangzeb Real name Muhī-ud-Dīn Muhammed, killed his older brother, imprisoned Shan Jahān, and declared himself emperor; persecuted all faiths other Sunni Islam in the Mughal Empire; basically brought the downfall of the Mughal Empire
Created by: BurkeNHI
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