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Chapter 2 Terms
CAPS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | Smallest unit of the body that is capable of independent existence |
| Conception | Fertilization of the egg by sperm to form a zygote |
| Cytology | study of the cell |
| Cytologist | Specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell |
| Fertilization | union of male sperm and female egg to form a zygote |
| Fertilize | Penetration of the egg by sperm |
| In Vitro | Process of combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory dish and placing resulting embryos inside a uterus |
| FERTILIZ- | To make fruitful |
| -elle | Small |
| -ism | Condition, Process |
| Organ | Structure with specific functions in a body system |
| Organism | any whole living, individual plant or animal |
| Organelle | Part of a cell having specialized functions |
| Tissue | Collection of similar cells |
| Zygote | Cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg |
| Anabolism | The buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism |
| Catabolism | The Breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism |
| Chromosome | Body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes |
| Cytoplasm | Clear, gelatinous substance that forms substance of a cell except for the nucleus |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | Source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes |
| ANABOL- | Build up |
| CATABOL- | Break down |
| -some | Body |
| Chrom/o- | Color |
| Hormon- | Hormone |
| -Cellul- | Small Cell |
| Intracellular | Within the cell |
| Lipid | all types of fatty compounds |
| Membrane | Thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity |
| Membranous | Pertaining to membrane |
| Metabolism | Constantly changing physical and chemical processes occuring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism or catabolism |
| Metabolic | Pertaining to metabolism |
| Mitochondria | organelles that generate, store, and release energy for the cell activities |
| Nucleolus | Small mass within the nucleus |
| nucleus | Functional center of a cell or structure |
| nuclear | Pertaining to a nucleus |
| Protien | Class of food substances based on amino acids |
| Ribonucleic acid | The information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules. |
| Steroid | Large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components |
| Membran- | Cover, Skin |
| Metabol- | Change |
| Nucle- | Nucleus |
| ribo- | from ribose, a sugar |
| -oid | resembling |
| ster- | solid |
| Arthroscopy | Visual examination of the interior part of the joint |
| Connective Tissue | The supporting tissue of the body |
| Cruciate | Shaped like a cross |
| Graft | Transplant of living tissue |
| Histology | Study of the structure and function of cells, tissues and organs |
| Histologist | Specialist in Histology |
| Ligament | Band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures |
| Meniscus | Disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint |
| muscle | A tissue consisting of contractile cells |
| Patella | Thin, circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint/kneecap |
| Patellar | Pertaining to patella |
| Therapy | Systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder |
| Therapeutic | Relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder |
| Therapist | Professional trained in practice if a particular therapy |
| Connective | Bind, support, protect, fill spaces and store fat |
| Epithelial | Protect, secrete, absorb, excrete |
| Capsule | Fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structures |
| Cartilage | Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints |
| Collagen | Major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone |
| Matrix | Substance that surrounds and protects cells is manufactured by the cells and holds them together |
| Nutrient | Substance found in foods that are required for normal physiologic functions |
| Periosteum | Fibrous membrane covering a bone |
| Synovial | Pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid |
| Tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to the bone |
| Capsul- | Box |
| Coll- | Glue |
| -ent | End result |
| nutri- | nourish |
| -um | tissue |
| -ov- | egg |
| syn- | together |
| -oste- | bone |
| Anatomy | Study of the structures of the human body |
| Anatomical | Pertaining to anatomy |
| anterior | The front surface of the body |
| Caudal | Pertaining to or near the tailbone |
| Cephilic | Pertaining to or near the head |
| Coronal | Pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| Distal | Away from the center of the body |
| Dorsal | Pertaining to the back |
| Inferior | Situated below |
| Lateral | Situated at the side of the structure |
| Medial | Nearer to the middle of the body |
| posterior | Pertaining to the back surface of the body |
| Prone | Laying face down (flat on belly) |
| Proximal | Nearest to center of the body |
| Sagittal | vertical plane through the body by dividing it into right and left portions |
| Superior | Situated above |
| Supine | Lying face up, flat on your spine |
| Transverse | Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
| Ventral | pertaining to or near the belly |
| ana- | Apart from |
| caud- | tail |
| cephal- | head |
| coron- | crown |
| dist- | away from center |
| dorse- | back |
| infer- | below |
| later- | side |
| medi- | middle |
| poster- | back part |
| proxim- | near center |
| sagitt- | arrow |
| Super- | Above |
| ventr- | Belly |
| abdomin- | abdomen |
| -pelv- | pelvis |
| -ity | state, condition |
| cav- | hallow |
| Crani- | skull |
| Diaphragmat- | Diaphragm |
| Spin- | Spine |
| Thorac- | Chest |
| Umbilic- | Naval (Belly Button) |
| Abdomen | part of the trunk between the thorax and pelvis |
| Abdominopelvic | Pertaining to abdomen and pelvis |
| Cavity | Hallow space or component |
| Cranial | Pertaining to the Cranium |
| Cranium | Skull |
| diaphgram | muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| quadrant | one quarter of a circle of the abdominal surface |
| Spine | vertebral column |
| Thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
| Thorax | part of the trunk between abdomen and neck |
| umbilicus | pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus |
| -vascul- | Blood vessel |
| Digest- | Break down food |
| -stasus | Stand still, control |
| Home/o- | Same |
| Integument- | Covering the body |
| Lymph- | Lymph, lymphatic system |
| urin- | Urine |
| Skelet- | Skeleton |
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