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Church History 2
MIdterm of Events and People in Church History from 1451-1968
| Name of Person | Dates | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony | 1463-1525 | German leader who sheltered Martin Luther, setting the political stage for the German Reformation |
| Desiderius Erasmus | c.1466-1536 | Roman Catholic Humanist who wanted peaceful reform; Wrote Praise of Folly and produced first critical edition of the Greek New Testament |
| Thomas More | 1478-1535 | Roman Catholic priest and minister of Henry VIII; Was beheaded for refusing to go along with the English Reformation |
| Martin Luther | 1483-1546 | German priest who was the “Father of the Reformation” |
| Ulrich Zwingli | 1484-1531 | Swiss priest who began the Swiss Reformation in Zurich and laid the groundwork for the ideas later worked out by John Calvin |
| Thomas Cranmer | 1489-1556 | Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII; Chief architect of the English Reformation |
| Martin Bucer | 1491-1551 | Moderate reformer based in Strassburg |
| Ignatius Loyola | 1491-1556 | Spanish nobleman who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), the chief agency of the Catholic (Counter) Reformation |
| Philip Melanchthon | 1497-1560 | Disciple of Martin Luther who further developed Luther’s ideas |
| Heinrich Bullinger | 1504-1575 | Zwingli’s successor in Zurich |
| John Calvin | 1509-1564 | French priest who became the leader and chief theologian of the Swiss Reformation at Geneva |
| Henry VIII | ↔1509-1547 | King of England, whose desire for an annulment occasioned the English Reformation |
| Leo X | ↔1513-1521 | Pope at the beginning of the Reformation; Condemned and excommunicated Luther |
| Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | ↔1519-1556 | Holy Roman Emperor at the beginning of the Reformation; Ardent Catholic who sought Luther’s arrest |
| Theodore Beza | 1519-1605 | Calvin’s successor in Geneva |
| Elizabeth I, Queen of England | 1533-1603 | Secured the success of the moderate Anglican reformation in England |
| Charles Borromeo | 1538-1584 | Roman Catholic reformer and leading theologian at the Council of Trent |
| Robert Bellarmine | 1542-1621 | Roman Catholic reformer and chief spokesman for Tridentine Catholicism |
| Menno Simons | †1561 | Radical reformer who founded the Mennonites |
| Cardinal Armande Richelieu | 1585-1642 | Advisor to Louis XIII of France responsible for the suppression of Protestants in France |
| Rene Descartes | 1596-1650 | French philosopher who was the father of modern philosophy; Through methodology of doubt, came up with his dictum of Cogito, ergo sum. |
| Oliver Cromwell | 1599-1658 | Puritan leader in England who led the country through the Puritan Commonwealth |
| Charles I of England | ↔1625-1649 | King of England who was beheaded by the Puritan revolutionaries |
| George Fox | 1624-1691 | Spiritual leader who believed in “inner light”; Founder of the Quakers (Society of Friends) |
| John Locke | 1632-1704 | British philosopher and forefather of British empiricism |
| Philipp Jakob Spener | 1635-1705 | Lutheran pastor who led the Pietist movement within Lutheranism; Wrote Pia Desideria |
| François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) | 1694-1778 | French academic who wrote widely and contributed to the movement toward secularity in France |
| Ludwig von Zinzendorf | 1700-1760 | German noble and leader of the Moravians; Clashed with John Wesley over the issue of faith |
| John Wesley | 1703-1791 | English theologian and evangelist; Leader of the Evangelical Revival in England and founder of the Methodist Church |
| Jonathan Edwards | 1703-1758 | American Puritan pastor and leader in the First Great Awakening |
| David Hume | 1711-1776 | British philosopher whose skeptical philosophy undermined the rational basis for religion |
| Immanuel Kant | 1724-1804 | Prussian philosopher whose ideas gave a definitive shape to modern philosophy |
| William Wilberforce | 1759-1833 | British Methodist abolitionist |
| William Carey | 1761-1834 | British missionary to India and father of the modern missionary movement |
| F. C. Baur | 1762-1860 | Professor at the University of Tubingen and father of modern biblical criticism |
| Friedrich Schleiermacher | 1768-1834 | German pastor and theologian, forefather of both modern liberal and “evangelical” Christianity |
| Napolean Bonaparte | 1769-1821 | Emperor of France whose policies continued the secularization of France |
| G. W. F. Hegel | 1770-1831 | German philosopher, founder of German Idealism |
| Louis XVI of France | ↔1774-1792 | King of France who was beheaded by the French Revolution |
| Simón Bolívar | 1783-1830 | Leader of the independence movements in Latin America |
| Joseph Smith, Jr. | 1805-1844 | Founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) |
| Soren Kierkegaard | 1813-1855 | Danish philosopher and theologian, founder of Existential philosophy |
| Alberecht Ritschl | 1822-1889 | German theologian and leader in modern liberal Christianity |
| William Booth | 1829-1912 | Founder of the Salvation Army |
| Dwight L. Moody | 1837-1899 | American revivalist, leader in the Second Great Awakening |
| Phineas F. Bresee | 1838-1915 | American Methodist pastor and founder of the Church of the Nazarene |
| Pius IX | ↔1846-78 | Pope who combated modernist tendencies in the Roman Catholic Church and called the First Vatican Council |
| Rudolf Bultmann | 1884-1976 | Professor at University of Marburg and important figure in 20th century biblical studies |
| Karl Barth | 1886-1965 | Swiss theologian and pastor, founder of Neo-Orthodoxy |
| Dietrich Bonhoeffer | 1906-1945 | German theologian and pastor who was killed by the Nazis for plotting against Hitler |
| John XXIII | ↔1958-63 | Reforming Pope who called the Second Vatican Council |
| Luther’s 95 Theses | 1517 | Beginning of the Protestant Reformation |
| Diet of Worms | 1521 | Condemned Luther |
| Peasants War | 1524-25 | Peasants who take Luther’s ideas “too far” are violently supressed with Luther’s support |
| Council of Trent | 1545-64 | Key event in the Catholic Reformation |
| Bartholomew’s Day Massacre | 1572 | Supression of Protestants in France |
| Synod of Dort | 1618-19 | Determined official Calvinist orthodoxy in the Netherlands |
| Defenestration of Prague | 1618 | Start of the “Thirty Years War” |
| Westminster Catechism | 1647 | Determined official Calvinist orthodoxy for Puritans; Still held as authoritative for many sectors of Calvinism today |
| Puritan Commonwealth | 1649-60 | Theocratic rule by the Purtians in England in absence of a king |
| French Revolution | 1789-95 | Beginning of First French Republic; Start of secularization in Europe |
| Gospel of Matthew in Burmese | 1817 | Important milestone in the beginnings of world-wide mission |
| Livingston in Africa | 1841 | Important milestone in Christian missions to Africa |
| Communist Manifesto Published | 1845 | Beginning of Communist Ideology |
| Vatican I | 1869-70 | Called to address the question of Modernity; Affirmed Tridentine Catholicism; Promulgated doctrine of Papal Infallibility |
| Rerum Novarum published | 1891 | Beginnings of Catholic Social movement; Reveals the ambiguity of the reaction of Roman Catholicism to Modernity |
| World Mission Conference at Edinburgh | 1910 | Beginning of the ecumenical movement |
| World War I | 1914-18 | First truly global conflict beginning of the end of Modernity |
| Bolshevik Revolution | 1917 | Communist takeover of Russia |
| World War II | 1939-45 | Most destructive human conflict in history |
| Promulgation of the Assumption of Mary | 1950 | Only time the doctrine of Papal Infallibility has been explicitly invoked |
| World Council of Churches | 1954 | Important milestone in the growth of the ecumenical movement |
| Year of African Independances | 1960 | Beginning of the end of colonialism in Africa, in which 17 nations become independent |
| Vatican II | 1962-65 | Brought Roman Catholic church into the modern era and addressed most of the problems that caused the Reformation |
| Medellin Conference | 1968 | Milestone for the growth of Liberation Theology in Latin America |
| Isabella of Castile | 1451-1503 | Instigator of church reform in Spain, first of the “successful” reformers |
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