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BOC studying 4.5
Treatment and rehabilitation part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a manual technique in which an injured patient's muscles are actively contacted against a counterforce in a specific position? | Muscle energy techniques |
| Delayed-onset muscle soreness normally occurs how long after a strenuous exercise session? | 24 to 72 hours after exercise |
| Physiologic adaptations of the respiratory system during aerobic endurance training include all of the following | Enhanced oxygen exchange within the lungs decreased submaximal pulmonary ventilation improved circulation throughout the lungs |
| What muscles are involved in a seated row exercise? | Latissimus dorsi teres major middle trapezius rhomnoids |
| What muscles are the primary muscles involved when performing a resisted wrist curl (palms up)? | Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris |
| What structures are responsible for relaying information regarding muscle dynamics to the conscious and subconscious parts of the ventral nervous system? | Proprioceptors |
| What is the most effective motivator for compliance to rehabilitation of an athletic injury? | Goal setting |
| What type of exercise can produce a pike in systolic blood pressure that can result in a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular accident? | Isometric |
| What is an example of muscle spindle activity? | Knee-jerk reflex |
| When the length of a muscle prevents full range of motion at the joint or joints over which the muscle crosses, it is known as what? | Passive insufficiency |
| All of the following principles must be considered before the athletic trainer begins an activity designed to improve balance | Multiple planes of motion must be stressed the activities must progress to sport-specific activities The exercises must be safe but challenging |
| What positions must be avoided when rehabilitating an athlete who has posterior instability of the glenohumeral joint? | Internal rotation with horizontal adduction and flexion |
| When developing a functional progression for an athlete who is undergoing a rehabilitation program, what factors need to be considered? | The physicians expectations for the athlete's return to activity The athletes expectations the severity of the athlete's disability the athletes position in the sport |
| Upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercises are used primarily for strengthening and improving proprioception of what structures? | Tendons that support the joints of the cervical spine, shoulder, and elbow |
| Hans Selye's phenomenon of the general adaptation syndrome, which occurs when an individual responds to a stressful situation, includes what 3 stages of the stress response? | The alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion |
| What is the temperature of the ice bath? | 50 -60 degrees F |
| What action may help to decrease skin-electrode resistance when performing an electrotherapy treatment? | Moisten the electrodes with water |
| What acoustical interfaces is most reflective of ultrasound energy? | Soft tissue- air |
| What electrode placement techniques is most commonly used when treating an individual with 'brief- intense' TENS | Stimulation point placement |
| It is important to set specific short- and long-term goals when developing a treatment program. Goals serve all of the following purposes: | Identity outcomes measure the effectiveness of the treatment protocol establish timeliness of the treatment programs allows the athlete to be a part of the treatment |
| When using shortwave diathermy, what object should be located within the treatment area? | towel, wooden treatment tables a container of ultrasound gel swiss balls and theraband |
| _ and _ are 2 medications that can be combined when utilizing iontophoresis | Dexamethasone, lidocaine |
| How often should an ultrasound unit be calibrated to ensure the safe application of ultrasound? | At least once a year |
| A patient presents to the athletic training facility complaining of a 'sore spot' on the back of his neck. It is a dark red, hard area, which later develops asa lesion discharging yellowish-red pus from numerous areas. What does the AT suspect it is? | Bacterial infection |
| Herpes simplex labials is cause by what | Virus |
| Pediculosis is most effectively treated with what? | A parasiticide |
| What may occur as a result of a puncture wound that has not been properly treated? | A tentanus infection |
| How quickly may the adaptation in skeletal muscle reverse if strength training is discontinued or interrupted during rehabilitation? | 48 hours |
| Circuit training is an effective training technique if the athletic trainer desires to improve _ and _ | Strength and flexibility |
| The athletic trainer should look for all of the following features when purchasing a stationary bicycle | Comfortable seat easily modified workload good construction adjustable to fit all athletes |
| Contraindication for the use of aquatic therapy | Excessive fear of the water open wound urinary tract infection skin infection |
| What medication is not a medication that could predispose and athlete to heat illness? | NSAIDs |
| How long does it take for a patient's heart rate to plateau at a given level during a cardiorespiratory training session? | 2 to 3 minutes |
| What is the efferent response to sensory information called? | Neuromuscular control |
| What type of fracture fails to heal spontaneously within a normal time frame? | Nonunion |
| What are thermal effects of ultrasound? | Increase blood flow secretion of chemotactics Reduction of muscle spasm muscular heating |
| What modality results in the movement of ions into the body through the use of an electrical current? | Iontophoresis |
| _ is a method of massage that involves the lifting and kneading of the skin, subcutaneous issue, and muscle with the fingers or hand. | Petrissage |
| What is a cardinal sign of inflammation | loss of function |
| What is a vascular reaction to cold that results in a white, red, or blue discoloration of the extremities? | Raynaud's phenomenon |
| Indications for the use of a warm whirlpool | Cleaning large, open wounds, relieving pain increasing range of motion reflextion |
| The most common form of hyperthyroidism identified by tremors, weakness, difficulty in swallowing/speaking, facial/eye ticks is known as | Graves' disease |
| What is air hunger marked by labored or difficult breathing called? | Dyspnea |
| A stretch injury to a nerve resulting in transient symptoms of paresthesia and weakness is known as what? | Neuropraxia |
| Following muscles that form the pes anserinus muscle group | Semitendinosis gracilis sartorius |
| What is the internal reaction or resistance of tissue to and external load called? | Stress |
| An involuntary muscle contraction characterized by alternate contraction and relaxation in rapid succession is known as | Clonic contraction |
| What is a term that refers to a group of techniques used for the purpose of relieving soft tissue from the abnormal grip of tight fascia? | Myofascial release |
| The rate at which a drug disappears from the body through metabolism, excretion, or both is known as | Half-life |
| A type of training that employs a series of stations that consist of various combinations of weight training, flexibility, calisthenics, and brief aerobic exercise is known as | Circuit training |
| Diaphoresis is also known as what | Sweating |
| Joint mechanoreceptors are found in what stuctures | Ligaments menisci fat pads musculotendinous junction |
| Cognitive function may be affected by all of the following conditions | Dehydration malnutrition abnormal body temperature medication |
| Polydipsia is also known as | Excessive thrist |
| The progression for strengthening exercises is usually in what order? | Isometric, Isotonic, Isokinetic, Plyometric |
| Isotonic external rotation of the glenohumeral joint during shoulder rehabilitation focuses on what muscles? | Infraspinatus teres minor posterior deltoid |
| Injury or disease of the pancreas creates pain in which quadrant of the abdomen? | Upper left |
| Where is a Morton's neuroma most commonly located? | Between the third and fourth metatarsals |
| An excessive valgus force to the knee may result in an injury to which ligament? | Medial collateral ligament |
| The female athletic triad describes the simultaneous presence of what? | An eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis |
| Tests for glenohumeral instabilitiy | Clunk test anterior apprehension anterior glide load and shift |
| What involves the se of ice or a cold spray before performing a stretch? | Cryostretch |
| Indications for ultrasound | Bursitis fasciitis plantar warts tendinitis |
| What brace is used after rehabilitation? | Functional |
| _ is a type of electrotherapy used to reeducate muscle | Russain |
| What is a protective spasm of the muscular abdominal wall called? | Rigidity |
| What does the production of black, tar-like stool indicate? | Upper gastrointestinal bleeding |
| What device is more effective in decreasing skin temperature during a cryotherapy treatment? | An ice pack |
| A dry, non productive cough is most often caused by what? | Allergies |
| A dynamic program of prescribed exercise for preventing or reversing the destructive effects of inactivity while returning and individual to their former level of competition is _ | Rehabilitation |
| What is and upward force experienced by a body in a fluid that acts in the opposite direction of gravity and is responsible for the feeling of weightlessness in water? | Buoyancy |
| Electrical stimulating currents are classified into 3 categories. What are the categories? | Direct current pulsed current alternating current |
| Contraindications for electrical stimulation electrode placement | Across the heart over and acute thrombophlebitis over the temples directly over the spine |
| "like charges repel while unlike charges attract each other" This is known as what? | Coulomb's |
| Indications for ice massage application | Subacute injuries contusion muscle spasm overuse injuries |
| What type of electrical stimulators is considered as "subsensory"? | Low-intensity stimulator |
| What is defined as an uninterrupted direct current? | Galvanic Current |
| The amount of power generated by and ultrasound unit is defined as what? | Intensity |
| When using fluidotherapy, the treatment temperature range is set to what? | 100 - 113 degrees F |
| The D2 flexion pattern of the hip works what group of muscles? | Abductors, flexors, external rotators |
| Strengthening of what muscles is vital in the throwing athlete? | Rhomboids |
| Treatment for facet dysfunction consists of | Facet joint mobilization passive rotation pelvic rock exercises Abdominal strengthening |
| What muscle does not need to be strengthened after a rotator cuff repair? | Sternocleidomastoid |
| When a muscle is stretched to a point where a mild discomfort is felt and the limb is held in one position, it is know as what type of stretch? | Static |
| What is a form of exercise that helps develop eccentric control during dynamic movements? | Plyometric |
| A patient presents with an acute injury of the foot and has an antalgic gait pattern. What should you do first? | Observe/palpate the injured ares for gross deformity and point tenderness |
| The athletic trainer should perform what test for a PCL laxity? | Posterior drawer test |
| When palpation of the knee joint after and injury, the AT should palpate what structure? | Medial condyle of the femur |
| A patient presents with insidious pain along the posterior aspect of the thigh. what should the AT do first? | Ask how and when the pain started |
| Articular cartilage has limited ability to heal because of what reason? | Cartilage has limited to no blood supply |
| What is the least occurring type of shoulder subluxation/dislocation? | Superior |
| Treatment of 'snapping hip' syndrome includes all of the following | Ice and NSAIDS Biomechanical correction flexibility exercises instruction in proper training techniques |
| What modalities should be used sparingly, if at all, with a patient who has been diagnoses with multiple sclerosis? | Moist heat packs |
| Although no cure exists for myasthenia gravis, medical treatment to minimize the symptoms include | Medications that act on the neuromuscular junction |
| What types of medication are most commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy? | Tranquilizers and sedatives |
| What is the only NSAID used topically in the US? | Salicylate |
| The term dexamethasone is the _ name of this medication | Generic |
| What pairs are chemically identical? | Cimetidine, Tagamet |
| What is the trade or brand name of the drug hydrocodone? | Vicodin |
| What is a common adverse effect of an opioid analgesic? | Constipation |
| The 'half-life' of a drug refers to what | The time required for the amount of drug in the blood to be reduced by half |
| Routes of drug administration | Oral topical parenteral sublingual |
| When rehabilitating an athlete, goal setting influences performance by increasing confidence levels and reducing anxiety. What are specific types of goals that are found in goal setting literature? | subjective goals general objective outcome goals specific objective/performance goals process goals |
| What medications have antipyretic properties? | Tylenol aspirin |
| What proton pump inhibitor is an over-the-counter medication? | Prilosec |
| At what concentration is topical hydrocortisone available over the counter? | 0.25 - 1 % |
| The use of a reusable cold pay may significantly increase the possibility of frostbite, why? | It may lower the skin temperature below the freezing point |
| Although ice bags are the most commonly used modality in the treatment of acute injuries, a drawback of this modality may be what? | Ice machines are expensive and their cost may be too prohibitive |
| Massage can be used as an effective modality to control pain because it activates what? | Autonomic nervous system and the pacinian receptors |
| Contraindications for joint mobilization | Acute inflammation osteoporosis malignancy infection |
| During rehabilitation, closed-chain exercises are recommended because they do what? | Stimulate proprioceptors increase joint stability reduce shear forces increase muscle co-contration |
| 'Rehabilitation' includes all of the following | Assessment of level of function/dysfunction Organization and interpretation of results of the initial evaluation formulation of patient problems establishment of long and short term goals |
| High-voltage pulsed stimulation may be used as an adjunct treatment in controlling acute and chronic pain through what 2 mechanisms? | Gate control, and opiate release mechanisms |
| When using massage to reduce edema in an extremity, the athletic trainer should begin the technique _ and move _ | Proximally, distally |
| The condition intertrigo is treated by what? | Application of cold compress, cleaning the area with mild soap and water, followed by the application of a soothing ointment |
| When using ultrasound under water, a rubber-type basin should be used. What is the reason this technique should not be performed in a metal basin or whirpool? | Ultrasound energy is reflected off metal, increasing the intensity in various areas near the metal |
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