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Islam & Mongolia
Islam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Islam: When | Starts in Arabia with Mohamed |
| Leaders | Caliphs - religous + political leaders of Islam |
| Califs are in charge of the… | Umma |
| Umma | Islamic community |
| What happened after Mohammed died? | The Islamic community splits over who is be the next Calif |
| Umayyad | Suni |
| Ali | Shia |
| What was the Abbasid caliphate | The conquering and control of the Middle East + North Africa + spain |
| Golden age: Tech/ Science | Arabic Numerals |
| Golden age: Education | House of wisdom (house of books that held record of various languages and ideas) |
| Golden age: $ | Trade/ taxes (depending on what your religion was) |
| Golden age: Arts culture | Calligraphy, geometric shapes |
| What spread? | Part of the Islamic caliphate (Empire) |
| What were the trade networks? | Trans Saharan, IOTR, little bit of the Silk Road |
| Spread of Muslim will happen when… | Manas Musa (rich african king) will convert to Muslim to unify his people writhing Mali (west africa) Mali —-> Golden Haji |
| What regions of the world did the Islamic armies conquer? | Roman Empire, North Africa, France, Major oasis tones of Central Asia, Western China, Spain, India |
| 3 motives for the creation of the Arab Empire | 1. Capture profitable trade routes/ wealthy agricultural regions 2. Wealth/ social promotion 3. Common task for the community (jobs) |
| New religions weren’t imposed because… | 1. The Arab empire accepted other monotheistic religions that had the same mortal standards 2. Similar religious practices (prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, revelation & prophets) 3. Accepted other religions by a tax, for the churches/ gods |
| Dhimmis | Formal agreements that recognized Jews, Christian, & Zoroastrians. They’re protected but second-class citizens |
| Jizya | A tax that allows people to freely practice their religion |
| 2 motives to converting to Islam | 1. Aid in social mobility (being Muslim saved money) 2. Religion friendly commerce |
| Islamized | When people are already converting to Islam |
| Arabizing | When people convert to Islam, abandon their native languages, adopt Arabic, and change to Arabian identity |
| What’s the difference with Islamized and Arabizing? | Islamized are Muslims who keep their culture but transfer religions, while Arabizing completely assimilates |
| What is the calif? | The successor or deputy to Islams prophet, Gods regent on Earth |
| How is a caliph different from the Christian pope? | All caliphs are believed to be the successor to prophet Mohammed |
| Sunnis believed the caliph is… | Rightfully political and military leaders, selected by the Islamic community |
| Shia believe the caliph is | Passed down from the line of Ali & his son Husayn, blood relatives of Mohammeds |
| Capital of Umayyad | Moved from Medina to cosmopolitan Roman/ Byzantine city of Damascus in Syria |
| Capital of Abbasid | Baghdad |
| 2 accomplishments in Umayyad | 1. Arab empire expanded 2. Caliphs became rulers 3. Ruling with Arabian military aristocracy (blood generations) |
| 2 accomplishments in Abbasid | 1. Flourished 2. Prosperous |
| Causes of collapse in Umayyad | Over thrown by Arabs due to their unfair treatment |
| Cause of collapse in Abbasid | Asserting autonomy of a region while giving formal allegiance to the caliph in Baghdad |
| Rights of Women in the Islamic world | 1. Given control of their own property (dowrie) 2. Inheritance but 0.5 the rate than males |
| Restrictions of women in the Islamic world | 1. Women gradually lost rights to their bodies (clothing), beliefs (couldn’t pray with their husband), and equality (looked down upon as a sexual distraction) |
| Protections of Women in the Islamic world | 1. Sufi mystical practice allowed women to create a union with god (more women friendly) |
| Women became more restricted by | 1. Concern with family honor linked to womens sexuality dictated harsh punishments (viewed as squally charged) (removal) 2. As Islam fluirished women had to pray at home and had to wear veils |
| What caused the declining status of women in the Islamic world? | Mar, second caliph and the flouishment/ development of Islam |
| What was the role/ responsibility of the ulama? | To be a judge, interpreter, administrator, and prayer leader, (government based) |
| How is the ulama similar to the Confusican scholar gentry? | Both believed a deep healing, prayer, spiritual connection, “God”, profits/ caliphs, understanding/ reason for the afterlife, and patriarchy |
| Islamic Green Evolution (factor that caused increase trade) | Irrigation tech grew more food that was traded and handed out as plentiful |
| Rockets/ Paper | Paper mills/ rockets (used for military strategy) |
| Mongols: | - Pastoralists—-> semi nomadic headers (uses horses) - Warlike - Nearby major civilizations (sell trade the meat) |
| Mongols: Located where? | -Steppe (elevated area) (North of China) -Ghengis Khan unifiers the Mongals |
| Mongols: Conquested who? | China, Central Asia, Russia, & Middle East |
| Mongols: Why good at fighting? | Horses (cavalry), bow+arrow (with great accuracy), psychological warfare, used tech from conquered areas |
| Mongols: Positive impact | -Pax Mongolia (peace) -Increased trade (SR) -Safer -Allow people to keep their own religion |
| Mongols: Negative impact | -Fugatives (disease) Black Death |
| Mongols: China | -Yuan Dynasty -Kublia Khan -Replace the bureaucracy with foreigners (afraid to be overthrown) |
| Mongols: Middle East | -Collapse to the Abbasid |
| Mongols: Russia | -Rule Russia indirectly (No army there) -Poorer=serfdom (becomes poor because they are getting taxed so much) -If they don’t pay their taxes, then they die |
Created by:
21violap
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