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Module 4 Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| intercellular | between cells |
| intracellular | within the cell |
| orthopnea | needing to sit up straight to breathe comfortably |
| hematopoiesis | the formation of blood |
| red bone marrow | produces blood cells |
| yellow bone marrow | stores energy as fat |
| functions of the skeletal system | protect internal organs, store minerals and fat, produce blood cells, facilitate movement, support the body |
| cranium | skull |
| cranial bones | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal |
| facial bones | maxilla, mandible, zygomatic |
| upper jaw bone | maxilla |
| lower jaw bone | mandible |
| cheekbone | zygomatic |
| total number of vertebrae | 33 |
| cervical vertebrae | neck bones (7 total) |
| thoracic vertebrae | upper back (12 total) |
| lumbar vertebrae | lower back (5 total) |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae |
| Coccyx | tailbone (4 fused) |
| xiphoid process | inferior portion of the sternum |
| upper arm bone | humerus |
| forearm bones | radius and ulna |
| forearm bone on the thumb side | radius |
| forearm bone on the pinky side | ulna |
| wrist bones | carpals |
| palm bones | metacarpals |
| fingers and toes | phalanges |
| pelvic bones | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| thigh bone | femur |
| kneecap | patella |
| lower leg bones | tibia and fibula |
| medial lower leg bone | tibia |
| lateral lower leg bone | fibula |
| ankle bones | tarsals |
| foot bones | metatarsals |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| scapula | shoulder bone |
| tendon | connects muscle to bone |
| ligament | connects bone to bobe |
| greenstick fracture | bone breaks incompletely |
| transverse fracture | complete fracture that is straight across the bone |
| comminuted fracture | bone breaks into many fragments |
| spiral fracture | bone is broken in a spiral because of a twisting force |
| compound (open) fracture | bone breaks through the skin |
| simple (closed) fracture | bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin |
| arthritits | inflammation of a joint |
| osteoarthritis | wear-and-tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging |
| rheumatoid arthritis | a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the lining of the joints |
| gouty arthritis | inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density that can result in an increased risk of fractures |
| lordosis | A curving inward of the lower back |
| kyphosis | excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. |
| herniated disk | when the disk between two vertebrae starts slipping out of place, often causing a pinched nerve |
| S&S of herniated disk | Pain, numbness or tingling of extremity, weakness |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | A numbness and tingling in the hand caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac around joints |
| strain | injury to a tendon or muscle |
| sprain | injury to a ligament |
| frontal region | forehead |
| ocular region | eye |
| nasal region | nose |
| otic region | ear |
| zygomatic region | cheek bone |
| buccal region | cheek |
| mental region | chin |
| cranial region | skull |
| cervical region | neck |
| scapular region | shoulder |
| brachial region | upper arm |
| cubital region | elbow |
| carpal region | wrist |
| femoral region | thigh |
| popliteal region | behind the knee |
| tarsal region | ankle |
Created by:
kalin.organ
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