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BOC studying 3
Immediate and Emergency Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that may be used with phonophoresis | Dexamethasone hydrocortisone 1% lidocaine hydrocortison 10% |
| One of your athletes has been diagnosed with psoriasis. What medications are appropriate for treatment of this condition | Aristocort keflex zoloft benadryl |
| What medication is delivered via a metered-dose inhaler for exercise-induced asthma? | Butisol |
| What medication is often used for anxiety or panic attacks? | Xanax |
| What is the primary mode of actin of penicillin? | Inhibits the metabolism of the bacteria |
| What is considered a medical emergency? | Acute compartment syndrome |
| What would be the appropriate care for a quadriceps contusion? | Ice pack with compression wrap with the knee in flexion |
| Deep frostbite is a medical emergency. What would be the proper course of treatment for this problem? | Rapid rewarming of the affected body part with warm water |
| During what circumstance should an athlete be immediately referred to a dentist? | Tooth is knocked out When a tooth is displaced 2 mm or more When a crown is fractured and the tooth is still alive |
| A male patient sustains a direct blow to the genital area. How can the athletic trainer immediately decrease the pain? | Have the patient lie supine with his knees bent to his chest to decrease the strain on the scrotum and apple ice to the affected area |
| When performing 2 person adult CPR, What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio? | 30:2 |
| Shock after injury can result from _ or _ | Hemorrhage, stagnation of blood |
| A patient who had been diagnosed with infection mononucleosis has been cleared by the team doctor to return to full activity. How long should the patient be out of contact participation from the time of onset to the time of full recovery? | At least 3 weeks |
| A rugby player sustains a confirmed head injury during a game is is removed. What are signs/symptoms of increasing intracerebral pressure that the athletic trainer should monitor? | Nausea and vomiting pupil irregularity increase in systolic blood pressure with decrease in diastolic blood pressure changes in cognition |
| If an athlete is unconscious from a blow to the head, they should be assumed to have a neck injury + possible head injury. The airway seems to be impaired, what are the appropriate steps in managing this ? | Cut facemask off with appropriate tool leave helmet on stabilized the head and neck activate EMS |
| During a foreign body airway obstruction maneuver, the athletic trainer should grasp one fist with the other and place the thumb side of the fist where? | On the abdomen between the xyphoid process and the umbilicus |
| What are appropriate steps in managing an athlete who is experiencing a seizure? | Keep spectators out of the way protect the athlete's head and body from injury Turn athlete to their side If this is athletes first seizure, seek further medical support |
| It is critical that CPR be administered as soon as possible during a life-threatening situation. In what amount of time is brain damage likely to occur if the brain is deprived of oxygen? | 4-6 minutes |
| During CPR, it is most convenient and efficient to monitor the athlete's circulation by palpating the carotid artery. Where is the pulse located? | In the groove between the larynx and the sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| During CPR, the adult sternum must be compressed to what dept for compression to be effective? | 2 - 2.4 inches |
| What type of heat injury is considered a medical emergency? | Heat stroke |
| What are signs and symptoms characterized of a tension pneumothorax? | Tracheal deviation, distended neck veins, Unilateral absence of breath sounds cyanosis |
| An athlete has been kicked in the low back area during a soccer game. He is complaining of significant flank pain, and having difficulty voiding, blood in his urine. What should the athletic trainer suspect is injured? | The kidney |
| When evaluating an unconscious athlete, what should the athletic trainer do first? | Check that the athlete's airway is open and he or she is breathing normally |
| What is the most common and devastating mechanism of injury seen in neck injuries sustained during football? | Cervical hyperflexion and axial compression |
| Where would the athlete complain of pain with acute appendicitis? | Lower right quadrant of the abdomen |
| What is the prudent method of transporting an athlete with a suspected spinal injury? | Use a spine board with medical assistance |
| When fitting an athlete for crutches, the elbow should be bent to approximately what angle? | 30 degrees |
| Under what condition can CPR be stopped? | Not until the athletic trainer is exhausted, spontaneous respirations and pulse have returned, or a physician or another party continues CPR in place of athletic trainer |
| After an athlete has suffered a ruptured spleen, they may experience pain that radiates down the left shoulder and approximately one-third of the way down the upper left arm. What is this pain called? | Kehr's sign |
| What is the appropriate treatment for an athlete who has sustained a rib fracture? | Use of rib belt |
| What are basic functions of athletic tapping and bandaging? | To support and injured body part to protect wounds from infection blisters |
| What is the compression-to-breath ratio during one-person adult CPR? | 30:2 |
| An athlete has a deep laceration to his thigh. The cut is approx 1/8 inch deep, 1 inch long, bleeding moderately. What would be the proper steps for the athletic trainer to take? | Use a pressure bandage to control the bleeding, keep the wound clean and free of debris, use butterfly strips for temporary closure, apply ice and compression |
| An athlete comes to you holding a tooth that was just knocked out of his mouth. What is the proper steps to allow for a successful reimplantation? | Place the tooth in a cloth soaked with saline or water and get the athlete to a dentist within 30 minutes |
| During an emergency, all of the following information should be given to the emergency personnel: | Type of emergency the current status of the athlete where the athlete is currently located The type of treatment currently being given to the athlete |
| An athlete has a suspected fracture involving the knee. What areas should be splinted? | The lower limb joints and one side of the trunk |
| What cells release histamine and serotonin during the cellular response phase of tissue healing? | Mast cells and platelets |
| The acute phase of an injury last approx 3 to 4 days. What occurs at the time of initial trauma? | Transitory vasoconstriction, followed by vasodilation and increased permeability |
| Where do primitive stem cells mature into red and while blood cells and platelets? | Bone marrow |
| The athletic trainer notices an athlete is prone to abnormal bruising. After discussing the problem with the team doctor, he recommends what vitamin? | K |
| An acronym used for the immediate care of an acute musculoskeletal injury is | RICE |
| A drug that is used to increase the effect of another, such as aspirin when used in combination with codeine, is known as what? | Potentiating |
| What is the proper action to do when lightnings observed during a game? | Avoid standing near metal bleachers on the field, assume a crouched position in a ditch take cover in an automobile if unable to get indoors |
| One of your cross-country runners has an ongoing problem with tinea pedis. What actions should you take to assist this athlete in minimizing the problem? | Use talcum powder daily to keep his or her feet dry after showering |
| A patient comes with a tick embedded in his lower leg. What should the athletic trainer instruct the patient to do? | Keep the area clean and free of other debris cover the tick with mineral oil put fingernail polish removal onto the tick's body |
| What is a major side effect of the NSAID group? | Gastrointestinal upset |
| Your patient is on a medication for a Staphylococcus aureus infection. What adverse reaction might you expect with antibiotic treatment? | Abdominal cramping |
| What is the normal dosage for one tablet of aspirin? | 325mg |
| What are some possible side effect of oral contraceptives? | Nausea and vomiting fluid retention amenorrhea feeling sluggish |
| Anabolic steroids are often abused by athletes. What results may occur in the female athlete after ingesting testosterone? | Hirsutism |
| What is the best way to prevent otitis externa? | Dry the external auditory canal after swimming |
| Under what condition should an athletic helmet be removed after an injury? | If. after a reasonable period of time, the facemask cannot be removed to gain access to the airway |
| What tools has the Inter-Association Task Force recommended not be used as the primary tool for loop-strap removal on a football helmet after an injury? | A flathead screwdriver |
| A predisposing condition such as spinal stenosis may mean an athlete is more likely to: | Develop paralysis after a fracture-dislocation |
| Spinal immobilization is best achieved with the full-body splint. All of the following are examples of full-body splints | The standard rigid spine board vacuum mattress scoop stretcher miller full-body splint |
| After an acute injury, chemical mediators are given off by various cells. What chemical is first to appear? | Histamine |
| What means 'the abnormal development of tissue'? | Dysplasia |
| _ and _ are 2 conditions that will interfere with fracture healing | Poor blood supply, poor immobilization |
| One of your patients has just been stung by a bee. He appears to be showing signs of anaphylaxis. What medication would be appropriate to administer to stop the reaction? | Epinephrine |
| _ and _ are both examples of histamine-2 blockers | Tagamet, Zantac |
| What drug must the athletic trainer determine the athlete is not allergic to prior to administering a NSAID? | Aspirin |
| When transporting an athlete off the field by manual conveyance, it is most convenient to do this with how many athletic trainers? | 2 |
| What is an average respiratory rate for a healthy adult (18 years+) | 12 to 15 breaths/min |
| Where should the stethoscope be placed when taking blood pressure? | Over the brachial artery |
| Orthostatic syncope is caused by what condition? | Sudden peripheral vasodilation |
| What type of food should the athletic trainer recommend the patient avoid if gallbladder pathology is suspected? | Fatty foods |
| A patient who has a seizure should be referred to a physician under what conditions? | After a seizure lasting longer than 5 min there is no history of previous seizures If the seizure does not fit into the patient's pattern of previous seizures |
| Your team physician sends a prescription to you for your athlete that reads 'whirlpool treatments TID' What does TID mean? | Three times a day |
| If necessary, the removal of the helmet and shoulder pads from an athlete with a suspected spinal cord injury should be coordinated to avoid what? | Cervical hyperextension |
| The Inter-Association Task Force recommends that no fewer than _ persons lift athletes suspected of having a spinal cord injury | four plus |
| What instrument is used to visually examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane? | Otoscope |
| What is the primary reason an athletic trainer would perform pulmonary auscultation? | To identify potential abnormal breath sounds |
| One of your female athletes presents with dysuria, a sense of urgency to urinate, decreased urine volume, nocturia, low back pain and pyuria. What do you suspect is the problem? | Cystitis |
| One of your athletes presents with rhinorrhea, rhinitis, a sore throat, nonproductive cough, low grade fever, headache, chills, and malaise. What action should the athletic trainer take? | Limit the athlete's activities until the fever resolves and resume full activity as the symptoms resolve |
| What symptoms should alert the athletic trainer to serious pathology that requires immediate referral to a physician? | Painful urination unexpected weight loss night pain palpable lump in the breast or axilla |
| What injury would the use of a hard-shell pad be appropriate? | A painful contusion |
| When choosing a prophylactic knee brace, the brace should | Not interfere with normal knee function, not increase injuries to the lower extremity be cost effective and durable |
| What materials can the athletic trainer use to construct a custom protective or supportive device? | felt gauze padding cotton foam |
| When recommending a running sneaker the athletic trainer should recommend a sole that | is shock absorbing and durable |
| And AED is used for what purpose? | To defibrillate the heartwhen an unconscious victim has no pulse |
| When resolving a conflict, there are many approaches that an athletic trainer can take to successfully manage a difficult situation. What conflict resolution method would least likely successfully resolve an issue? | Avoidance |
| One of your patients presents with abnormal pain that he describes as burning. He states that is becomes worse when he lies in supine or consumes caffeine, spicy foods, or alcohol. What might you suggest is the problem/. | Esophageal reflux or peptic ulcer |
| One of your patients presents with sudden onset of chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, an cyanosis. What do you suspect is the problem? | Pneumothorax |
| One of your athletes presents with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping 1 to 6 hours after eating at a local restaurant. What do you suspect is the problem? | Food poisoning |
| How long should the abdomen be auscultated before the athletic trainer decides if the bowel sounds are absent? | 2 to 3 minutes |
| One of your patients begins to complain of intense itching of the skin under the cold pack that you applied to his shoulder 5 mins ago. When the ice is removed hives are present, what is the patient experiencing? | Cold urticaria |
| When treating an athlete who presents with undifferentiated somatoform disorder, the athletic trainer should do all of the following | Provide care for a bona fide injury Develop a sound relationship with the athlete to gain trust avoid doing more harm by dismissing the athlete as a 'symptom magnifier' |
| When using iontophoresis, the athletic trainer should be aware of possible _ and _ as a result of ion flux during treatment | Skin irritation and chemical burns |
| Why is it important that an athlete with an abdominal injury never be given anything to eat or drink? | It increases the risks of surgery if an operative procedure become necessary |
| One of your diabetic athletes appears confused and is dizzy, apprehensive, and diaphoretic. How should this athlete be treated? | The athlete should be treated for insulin shock and should be transported to the nearest hospital if he or she doesn't respond to the sugar in 2-3 min |
| When taking a blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, at what point is the systolic pressure noted? | The point at which the pulse is first heard |
| The ideal relationship between the athletic trainer and athlete is build on _ and _ | Trust and mutual respect |
| What is not a good reason to refer an athlete to a psychiatrist or psychologist? | The athlete is showing undue concern over minor injuries, but the concern is brief |
| An athlete receives a head injury during a soccer game. The athletic trainer notices the athlete has a hearing defect after testing for air and bone conduction using a tuning fork. What cranial nerve is injured? | VIII vestibulocochlear |
| What is the proper protocol for administering Tylenol to an adult patient (assuming there is no allergy)? | Initial dose 2 tablets, 325mg each, repeat every 4-6 hours PRN |
| What is the proper protocol for administering Advil to an adult patient (assuming there is no allergy or renal/gastro pathology)/ | Initial dose 1-2 tablets 200mg each, repeat every 6 hours PRN not to exceed 6 tablets in a 24 hour period |
| What is proper protocol for administering Pepcid AC to an adult patient? | Initial dose 1 tablet, 10 mg each with water up to twice a day not to exceed 2 tablets in a 24 hour period |
| One of your athlete is complaining of constipation related to a dietary change. What would be the most appropriate recommendation for the athletic trainer to make? | Recommend increased fluid intake and increased intake of fruits, bulk vegetables, and cereal. |
| What category of drug does not have a synergistic effect to cryotherapy? | Systemic antibiotics |
| What category of drug has an antagonistic effect to superficial and deep heat therapy? | Systemic vasoconstrictors |
| Where are the three most common sites for avulsion fracture and apophysistics in the pelvic region? | Ischial tuberosity and hamstring attachment Anterior inferior iliac spine and the rectus femoris attachment Anterior superior iliac spine where the sartorius attaches |
| What is the possible consequence of a poorly managed shin contusion? | Osteomyelitis |
| What is part of the plan for plantar fasciitis? | Heel cups soft orthotics ultrasound arch taping |
| What structures should be evaluated before and after a dislocation elbow is reduced? | The median nerve the radial nerve the neurovascular status of the brachial artery the ulnar nerve |
| What of the appropriate treatment of a Bennett's fracture? | RICE and analgesics followed by immobilization of the carpometacarpal joint, it is structurally unstable and the athlete should be immediately referred to an orthopedic surgeon |
| One of your athletes is experiencing an anxiety attack. HE is hyperventilating, You talk him to calm him down and have him slowly rebreathe into a paper bag. What process does rebreathing into a paper bag reverse? | Respiratory alkalosis |
| What end feel is abrupt, firm, springy resistance to motion? | Muscle spasm |
| What are components of a primary survey? | Check surroundings and environment check athlete for ABC check for severe bleeding |
| What should be done for an unconscious patient suffering from insulin shock? | Immediately transport the patient to an emergency care facility |
| When symptoms are experienced distal to the pathology, this is known as? | Referred symptoms |
| What are sign/symptoms of post-concussion syndrome? | dizziness behavioral changes visual disturbances |
| What special test identifies ulnar nerve compression of transmission interference at the elbow? | Tinel's sign |
| What are sign/symptoms of anaphylactic shock? | Development of rash or hives Wheezing sounds from chest rapid, weak pulse |
| What is a condition of rapidly rising internal body temperature that occurs when the body's mechanisms for the release of heat are overwhelmed? | heat stroke |
| Which pulse should always be assessed with any injury to the lower extremity? | Dorsal pedal pulse |
| What type of shock is commonly referred to as fainting? | Psychogenic shock |
| When a minor is injured and it is a life-threatening situation, the athletic trainer must try to contact the parents of the child, If the parents cannot be contacted and did not give consent, what type of consent is used to help the child? | Implied |
| What is a sign of heat stroke? | Hot and relatively dry skin |
| What are signs of a diabetic coma? | Fast and weak pulse, deep and sighing respirations livid, later pale skin fruity smelling breath |
| What are two most common sites to apply direct pressure to control severe bleeding of the upper and lower extremities? | Brachial artery and femoral artery |
| _ shock is a widely disseminated infection in many areas of the body, with the infection being borne through the blood from one tissue to another | Septic |
| What are signs of hypovolemic shock? | Low blood pressure rapid and weak pulse shallow and extremely rapid respiration agitaiton |
| How long can the brain be deprive of oxygen until brain cells being to die? | 4-6 minutes |
| What is a sign of inadequate breathing? | Noisy respiration, such as wheezing or gurgling |
| A football helmet should be removed only under what circumstance? | You cannot gain adequate access to the airway |
| What is a common bony process broken during adult CPR? | Xyphoid process |
| Profuse sweating, dizziness, and nausea are signs and symptoms of what heat illness? | Heat exhaustion |
| What things would you not want to give to someone who has gone into shock? | Food or drink |
| An athlete with a skull fracture will have what? | Battle's sign raccoon eyes tenderness in the hard palate |
| Where would you place direct pressure on a wound thatt is bleeding? | Directly on the wound |
| What is the first thing you should do if you suspect a spinal injury? | Hold in-line stabilization |
| What is included in a rehabilitation program after an injury? | Plyometrics PNF Agility drills Joint mobilizations |
| With ice application during the initial care of an acute injury, what occurs? | Inhibition of the hypoxic response disruption of the pain/spasm cycle reduction of edema decreased nerve conduction |
| What carries impulses toward the central nervous system? | Afferent pathways |
| Deep stroking during massage is known as what? | Friction massage |
| To determine if an athlete is breathing, you should: | Place your ear over the mouth to listen for breath sounds observe the chest feel for rise and fall of the chest |
| _ pupils indicate possible shock, hemorrhage, or cardiac arrest | Dialted |
| What occurs when an individual is in shock? | Skin is pale and cool Blood pressure is low Pulse is rapid Respiration is shallow |
| Frostbite includes what signs? | Skin appears blotchy white to yellow-gray |
| What should the athletic trainer do when dealing with an athlete with heat exhaustion? | Administer cool fluids Remove unnecessary clothing Move to a cool place |
| Transport to a medical facility for a concussion may be necessary for what reasons? | If the patient is unconscious for a prolonged time>1min Shows declining mental status during/after evaluation Demonstrates signs and symptoms of an injury more than a concussion |
| Cranial nerve dysfunction and altered breathing patterns are signs of pathology of what part of the brain? | Midbrain and medulla |
| Commotio cordis is a result of what? | Blunt trauma to the chest |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis may result form what condition? | High blood glucose levels |
| What condition has a cardiac etiology as it relates to sudden death in the athlete? | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
| An athlete who is not properly dress when exercising in the cold weather my be subject to hypothermia. A what core body temperature does shivering cease, skeletal muscle stiffen, and cold diuresis occur? | Below 90 degrees F |
| Pulse oximetry is used to measure oxygen saturation. What is a normal reading? | 95%-100% |
| What is the normal systolic blood pressure range for a child between 6-10 years? | 80 to 122 mm Hg |
| When developing an emergency action plan, it is critical that the athletic trainer identify certain aspects of the venue. What should be considered in a EAP? | Condition of the court or field location of emergency exits location of emergency equipment location of the ambulance or entrance where the ambulance or EMS will arrive |
| How is the correct size of an oropharyngeal airway measured and selected? | Measure the distance between the tip of the ear to the corner of the mouth |
| An indication for suctioning includes | Vomiting in an alert individual |
| What injury is considered a medical emergency? | Posterior elbow dislocation |
| What is part of the management of turf toe? | Ice NSAIDS rest taping to limit motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint |
| Athletic trainers are qualified to use emergency oxygen systems to care for an ill or injured athlete. What is true regarding emergency oxygen systems? | They have a pressure-reducing system it delivers oxygen at a fixed flow rate it has a container holding medical-grade oxygen It delivers oxygen at a flow rate of at least 6 LPM for 15 minutes |
| What precautionary measures should be taken prior to transferrin and securing an athlete with protective equipment to a rigid immobilization device such as a spine board? | Facemask removal and preparation of shoulder pads |
| What is the first step in treating an abrasion or laceratoin? | Reduce wound contamination |
| When a bronchodilator is used more often than recommended, it can cause what? | Tachycardia |
| Portable radios and landline telephones are preferred over personal cell phones when communication in an emergency because why? | A cell phone may be unreliable in some areas due to weak signals |
| A capillary refill time of greater than _ seconds is a sign of inadequate perfusion | 2.0 |
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