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BOC studying 2
Clinical eval and diagnosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A positive Thompson's sign is indicative of what? | Ruptured Achilles Tendon |
| What is a simple movement to check the integrity of the radial nerve? | wrist extension |
| A grade 1 ankle inversion springs involves what structure? | Anterior talofibular ligament |
| 2 players collide. 1 grabs his neck and is shaking his arm. You examine him and he complains of 'numbness, and burning' down his arm. A few minutes later the symptoms subside. | a 'burner' or pinched nerve |
| What test if positive is an indicator of a torn PCL | sag sign |
| At what point should the athletic trainers initial eval of an injury begin? | at the moment the injury is witnessed |
| Panner's disease is an osteochondrosis of what? | Capitellum |
| What quick test can be performed to check if nerve root L5 is intact? | Have the patient extend his or her great toe |
| A positive Phalen's sign is suspect of what problem? | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Trendelenburg's test is a method used to evaluate the competence of what structures? | Hip abductors |
| What evaluative test is used to examine the integrity of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee? | Varus stress test |
| What is a positive drop-arm sign indicate? | Torn rotator cuff muscle |
| If there is inflammation at the site of the medial epicondyle of the elbow, what would be positive? | Golfer's elbow test |
| Information gained during the palpation phase of the athletic trainer's initial assessment might include ? | presence of crepitus, sensory function presence of a deformity |
| During an upper quarter screen, checking the strength of thumb extension correlates to what nerve root? | C8 |
| A positive clunk test is indicative of what pathology? | Glenoid labrum tear |
| A baseball player complains of diffuse pain, clicking, and a sensation of 'slipping' of his right shoulder. What pathology might the athletic trainer suspect? | Labral pathology |
| Two major symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax include _ and _ | sudden chest pain, dyspnea |
| The _ pulse and _ pulse should be palpated after an acute traumatic injury to the knee area to make sure the peripheral circulation to the involved limb is adequate | posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
| Foot drop may be indicative of what pathology? | Peroneal nerve injury |
| A type V Salter-Harris fractur involves what kind of fracture through the physeal plate? | a crush injury to the epiphysis |
| A patient you have just evaluated for a possible head injury has a noticeable facial droop on the lieft side of his face. What cranial nerves are involved? | VII - seven |
| During your eval of a patient who has been complaining of weakness when using the rowing machine in the weight room, you notice his right latissimus dorsi muscle appears atrophied. What nerve is affected? | Thoracodorsal |
| A second-degree burn will have which of the following characteristics? | A reddened area with blisters |
| The athlete may have difficulty performing what actions if the medial and lateral pectoral nerves are injured? | flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the upper arm |
| A gymnast reports to the athletic trainer with a complaint of low back pain - present for aprox 1 wk. An x-ray is done and 'Scottie dog' defect is seen. What condition is this? | Spondylolysis |
| A patient is poked in the eye with a finger. The patient is having significant difficulty opening his eye. What muscles might have sustained injury? | Levator palpebrae superioris |
| A patient is brought to the athletic trainer after being struck in the back of the head with a bat by accident. The patient is complaining of blurred vision, what lobe of the brain has been affected? | Occipital |
| What internal organ is diseased if the patient presents with jaundice? | liver |
| Which 2 structures are injured with a Bankart lesion? | anterior capsule of the shoulder and the glenoid labrum |
| A patient has a wrist injury that is limiting his ability to supinate his forearm. In what plane of motion does supination and pronation of the forearm take plane (in the anatomical position)? | Horizontal |
| What is the sensation that a patient might experience just prior to an epileptic seizure called? | an aura |
| The inflammatory process includes | redness pain warmth swelling |
| Changes in blood pressure may occur as a result of many factors. Two of these factors may include _ and _ | Exercise and change in posture |
| Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an impaired capacity to secrete insulin due to a beta cell defect. They type of diabetes is commonly seen in what type of individual? | Lean, insulin dependent |
| What organism is one of the most common causes of vaginitis in women? | candida |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis | Early menopause, sedentary lifestyle, lack of folic acid in the diet, high consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and caffiene |
| A patient with an infection or serious disease, such as leukemia, might demonstrate an abnormally raised white blood cell count. What is the normal leukocyte count? | 4000 to 10,000/ cu mm |
| What is the primary target of the AIDS virus in the body? | T-helper lymphocytes |
| EIA stands for what clinical entity? | Exercise-induced asthma |
| What type of gait deviation might the athletic trainer see with a patient who has sustained an ankle injury and has decreased ROM in dorsiflexion? | Hip hiking |
| A soccer player has fractured his right lower leg, been placed in a cast, and given crutches. The addition of crutches does what to his center of gravity? | Enlarges the base of support |
| You notice on of your gymnasts has lost a significant amount of weight over the past month. She is concerned of her image. What do you suspect is the problem? | Anorexia nervosa |
| A patient who sustains a severe or career-ending injury may go through a progression of emotional reactions, which are frequently seen with a significant loss. What are reactions you might see from the patient? | Emotional instability loss of appetite reduced concentration fatigue |
| What are present signs/symptoms in a depressed patient? | Decreased appetite insomnia fatigue feeling of hopelessness |
| An athlete routinely cleans his cleats after every game and practice so no dirt is visible and checks his equipment bag to assure his 'lucky towel' is with him. This is an example of what type of behavior? | Obsessive-compulsive |
| Injury prone examples | Problems at home, Joint hypermobility poor endurance poor coordination |
| Results of severe fluid restriction during weight loss attempts by a wrestler may include _. | Higher resting heart rate |
| What is wrong with an athlete eating a 12 - 16 oz stake, baked potato, scrambled eggs, and coffee with sugar 4 hours prior to an event? | The intestinal tract will be full at the time of competition because it is a large meal |
| What happens when a patient consumes a simple sugar prior to an event? | May cause a sudden decrease in blood glucose because of a sudden increase in insulin production |
| What is not a good source of vitamin c? | Nuts |
| A patient informs the athletic trainer that he is taking tetracycline for a respiratory infection. Tetracycline will bind with what 2 minerals forming a nonabsorable complex? | Iron and calcium - should not be taken before meals |
| Body fat % should not go below _ in females because the internal organs loose a protective layer of fat | 12% |
| A loss of water equaling what percent of body weight will begin to threaten athletic performance? | 2 - 3% |
| What medications are NSAIDS? | Aspirin, motrin celebrex aleve |
| What medication is not an NSAID | tylenol |
| What medications are antihistamines? | Dimetapp benadryl claritin allegra |
| What medication is not anihistamine? | ultram |
| A patient comes to you complaining of itching and burning between the toes, and nothing he does alleviates the problem. The area is reddened with some white flakes. What might you recommend? | Tinactin spray |
| A patient sustains a blunt trauma injury to the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. What structure might be injured in this area? | Liver |
| During a return to play progression for a concussion, what is the typical time frame between stages? | At least 24 hours |
| 'Cauliflower ear' is just an injury to which structure of the ear? | Pinna |
| What may proteinuria indicate? | Diabetes |
| What would be the most appropriate type of roentgenogram for a possible tibial stress fracture? | Bone scan |
| What is one of the post common eye injuries sustained in athletics? | Corneal abrasion |
| What parameters should be assessed when checking the neurovascular status of an injured limb? | Sensation the pulse distal to the injury motor function atrophic changes |
| A baseball player has been stung by a bee, and has a history of a severe allergy to bee stings. What type of shock will he go into? | Anaphylactic |
| After an acute musculoskeletal injury, such as a shoulder dislocation, the body releases a natural opiate-like substance that provides temporary pain relief. What is this substance called? | Endorphins |
| What is the typical mechanism of injury for an anterior shoulder dislocation? | Shoulder abduction with external rotation |
| Some symptoms that are seen with acute mountain sickness? | Insomnia vomiting shortness of breath headache fatigue |
| How do you denote active muscle movement in a gravity-eliminated position? | 2/5 |
| Tests that are useful in evaluation of a low back pathology | Valsalva's maneuver bilateral straight leg test lasegue's test slump test |
| What is the best position for the patient to be in to muscle test the piriformis? | Sitting |
| What is the average range of motion of elbow flexion? | 0 to 135 degrees |
| What is the proper method to manually muscle test the biceps femoris muscle? | Lying prone, resisting knee flexion with the tibia in external rotation |
| What is a quick method of testing the motor ability of the sacroiliac nerve root? | Have the patient walk on his or her toes |
| To test the function of the rhomboid major muscle, the athletic trainer should ask the patient to perform what movement? | Scapular retraction |
| Which muscle supinates the forearm and flexes the shoulder? | Biceps brachii |
| What movements occur in the sagittal plane? | Shoulder flexion knee extension hip flexion elbow flexion |
| What muscle flexes both the foot and the knee? | Gastrocnemius |
| The flexor pollicis longus is responsible for what action? | Thumb flexion |
| What cranial nerve is testes when a patient is asked to move the eyes from side to side and up and down? | 3 |
| The rectus femoris muscle _ and _ when it contracts | Flexes the hip and extends the knee |
| What muscles are involved in internal rotation of the hip? | Adductor magnus gracilis tensor fasciae latae fluteus minimus |
| What muscle is not involved in internal rotation of the hip? | Gluteus maximus |
| What cervical nerve roots represent the sensory dermatomes of the hand? | C6, C7, C8 |
| What muscles adduct the shoulder? | Pectoralis major, teres major subscapularis latissimus dorsi |
| What muscle does not adduct the shoulder? | Serratus anterior |
| What muscle does not extend the trunk? | Quadratus lumborum |
| The supinator muscle in innervated what nerve? | Radial nerve |
| Following multiple ankle sprains over the course of the year, the athletic trainer detect some weakness of the invertors and evertors of a patient's ankle. What muscle does not invert the ankle? | Extensor digitorum longus |
| During digestion, food passes through the small intestine as it is being broken down into smaller components. Which area of the small intestine does it pass through first? | Duodenum |
| What never passes through the carpal tunnel? | Median |
| Structures that are part of the pelvis | Coccyx pubic symphysis innominate bones sacrum |
| What nerves innervate the hip adductor musculature? | Femoral, obturator |
| What muscle abducts the little finger of the hand? | Abductor digiti minimi |
| What muscle doesn't extend and laterally flex the neck? | sternocleidomastoid |
| What muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve? | Gastrocnemius Flexor hallucis longus Biceps femoris |
| Is cervical flexion controlled by cranial nerves? | No |
| What position is 'recommended' for manually muscle testing the gluteus medius muscle? | side-lying, with the affected limb on top |
| What is the average range of motion of knee flexion? | 0 to 135 degrees |
| True leg-length discrepancy is measured between which 2 points? | The anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus |
| In what position should the patient be to manually muscle test the hip flexors, and where should the athletic trainer's force be directed during testing? | Sitting, with the force directed down onto the anterior aspect of the thigh |
| What position should the patient's shoulder be in to manually muscle test the deltoids? | abducted to 90 degrees |
| What is excessive lateral curvature of the vertebral column called? | Spondylolysis |
| During your evaluation of a patients shoulder, you notice his left scapula is 'winging'. What does this indicate? | Serratus anterior weakness |
| The maximal rate at which oxygen is consumed and utilized while exercising is known as the maximal oxygen consumption or VO2 max. What is the normal range of VO2 max for an average college athlete? | 45 to 60 mL/kg/min |
| What is an indirect method of monitoring oxygen consumption? | Measuring heart rate |
| During exercise, the body's oxygen stores are greatly diminished. The recovery O2 is used for _? | Replacing O2 dissolved in tissue fluids returning muscle myoglobin to resting values Increasing venous oxyhemoglobin to pre-exercise levels |
| Submaximal exercise tests, which evaluate physical working capacity my measuring heart rate increases with exercise | Progressive pulse rate test harvard step test cooper 12 minute run test |
| A _ is a device used to measure joint range of motion | Goniometer |
| Tenderness and pain with induration and swelling of the pretibial musculature following overexertion is indicative of what syndrome? | Periostitis |
| Speed's test is an evaluative test for what problem? | Bicipital tendinitis |
| Signs and symptoms of Sever's disease include what? | Point tenderness at or just anterior to the insertion of the Achilles tendon along the posterior border of the calcaneous |
| If the calcaneofibular ligament of the ankle is torn, what test would be positive? | Talar tilt test |
| What problem might the athletic trainer see if the L4 nerve root was compressed? | Knee extension weakness |
| With the patient sitting, the scapula stabilized, and the shoulder maximally flexed, the patient complains of pain and appears apprehensive. This is a positive _ test | Neer's |
| If a palpable 'clunk' or shift at approx 20 to 30 degrees knee flexion is found during a pivot-shift test, this may be indicative of what? | Anterolateral rotary instability of the knee |
| 'Spearing' in football is a dangerous technique, making it discontinued for football coaches. What is the resulting force on the cervical spine when a football player spears and opponent? | Sudden neck hyperflexion with rotation |
| What is the most common mechanism of injury for an anterior shoulder dislocation? | Abduction and external rotation |
| What condition often contributes to shoulder impingement? | Glenohumeral instability |
| A patient has been diagnosed with plantar faciitis. What would be appropriate measure to provide support/relief to the affect area | An orthotic for arch support low dye taping a heel cup stretching program |
| A patient has been diagnosed with bulimia and has a known history of laxative abuse. Complications of chronic laxative use includes...? | Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration |
| A patient comes in after being kicked in the lower leg by an opponent during a football game. He is complaining of decreased sensation in the L4dermatome. What is this change in sensation called? | Hypoesthesia |
| _ and _ are 2 signs of diabetic coma | Drowsiness, acetone-smelling breath |
| Which of the following tests is used to detect a possible meniscal tear in the knee? | McMurray's test |
| A patient reports to the athletic trainer with the presence of lesions on his upper lip and mouth area that look like blisters with a crusted yellow appearance and a red, weeping base. What is the probable cause of the lesions? | Impetigo |
| A patient is brought after sustaining a hard kick to the abdominal area. What are signs of a significant abdominal injury? | Increase heart rate, decreased blood pressure Ashen-colored skin rapid, shallow respirations rebound tenderness |
| After evaluating an athlete, the athletic trainer suspects a torn pectoralis major muscle. What are physical findings would be seen if the athletic trainer is correct? | Weakness in adduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the affected arm |
| Which training in a high-altitude climate (9000 to 10000 feet) a rock climber experiences acute dyspnea, cough, headache, and weakness. What is the probable cause of these symptoms? | Pulmonary edema |
| A second-degree medial collateral ligament sprain is characterized by | Pain along the medial joint line no gross knee instability, but mild ligamentous laxity difficult in active flexing and extending |
| What is the usual mechanism of injury for a Colles' fracture? | A fall on an outstretched arm and hand |
| Allen's test is used to test what? | The integrity of the radial and ulnar arteries of the hand |
| Which of the carpal bones is most commonly dislocated? | Lunate |
| What type of force typically causes injury to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament of the knee? | A valgus force with the tibia in external rotation |
| An athlete is complaining of numbness and tingling of his forearm and fourth and fifth fingers. What roentgenorgram would be most appropriate in detecting nerve root compression? | Electromyography or nerve root conduction velocity test |
| What is an example of a papule? | A wart |
| When testing for paresthesia of the C5 nerve root where should the athletic trainer perform pinprick testing? | The lateral aspect of the upper arm over the middle deltoid |
| What is the proper position to manually muscle test the anterior deltoid? | Shoulder at 90 degree of abduction, full external rotation, and supination with the force directed downward |
| What is one of the most common symptoms of a lumbar discogenic injury? | Sharp, radiating pain down the back of the leg |
| When a patient reports with lateral hip pain, what might be the source of the pain? | Trochanteric bursitis strain of the gluteus medius lumbar discogenic disease strain of the tensor fasciae latae |
| What injuries would be associated with a 'popping' sensation of the knee joint? | Anterior cruciate ligament injury torn meniscus subluxed patella |
| The contact phase of the running gait is divided into which components? | Foot strike, mid support, and take-off |
| Foot pronation results in _ of the tibia during midsupport in the running gait | Internal rotation |
| With an acute elbow dislocation, what two areas would the athletic trainer check for possible vascular impairment? | Radial pulse and color of the nailbeds after compression |
| After a blow to the head an athlete temporarily loses consciousness. He is lucid for a couple of hours, then becomes lethargic. What type of medical emergency would be suspected? | Extradural hemorrhage |
| When evaluating a patient for Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease, the athletic trainer should be sure to do _ | Palpate the inferior patellar pole with the patient's knee extended and the patellar tendon released |
| A tennis player complains of medial thigh pain, he is limping and has pain with resisted hip adduction and hip flexion. There is diffuse tenderness and ecchymosis proximal to the medial thigh. What is the probable cause? | Groin strain |
| A player comes in limping holding his leg in slight hip and knee flexion. There is a large bulge in the proximal thigh. He is able to partially straighten his leg, and there is pain down the anterior thigh with movement. What is the suspected injury? | Ruptured rectus femoris musclce |
| A basketball player complains of a 'burning' pain down the lateral aspect of his right knee during and after running. No edema or ecchymosis is found but is tender to palpation of the area. What test might be positive? | Ober's test |
| A patient presents with loss of strength at the L3 and L4 nerve root levels. What muscle should the athletic trainer test to confirm and injury at this level? | Quadriceps |
| The athletic trainer asks a patient to shrug his shoulders after a neck and shoulder injury. He has difficulty performing this movement, even though it is not painful. What nerve is injured? | Spinal accessory |
| How is the strength of the pas anserinus musculature manually muscle tested? | Resistance to knee flexion and internal rotation of the lower leg |
| You find a runner somewhat disoriented. You find he is complaining of lightheaded, his skin is cool and clammy, and sweating profusely. His radial pulse is rapid and his rectal temp is elevated 104F. What is this athlete suffering from? | Heat exhaustion |
| A female gymnast has been feeling fatigued on a constant basis. After being examined by the team physician he orders a complete blood count. What does this include? | Red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, platelet count |
| While elevating a patient's shoulder, you not the patient is unable to abduct through the full range of motion against gravity. When performing a manual muscle test, this finding would be assigned what muscle grade? | -3/5 |
| A basketball player sustained a finger injury while trying to catch a ball. They are unable to extend the distal phalanx and the tip of his finger is positioned approx 30 degrees of flexion. You determine they have mallet finger. What causes this? | An avulsion of the extensor tendon from its insertion |
| A football player sustained a low back injury following a tackle. They have dulled sensation along the dorsum of right foot, and difficulty walking on the heels, patellar tendon reflex is diminished. What nerve root is affected? | L5 |
| When evaluating the inert structures of a joint, passive range of motion is used to determine what? | Limitation of joint motion joint stability muscle elasticity soft tissue elasticity |
| Sickle-cell anemia may cause rhabdomyolysis in the athlete. What is a cardinal sign of rhabdomyolysis? | The presence of myoglobin in the urine |
| What are the 3 most commonly affected organ systems in Marfan syndrome? | Skeletal, ocular, cardiovascular |
| What condition is also known as Grave's disease? | Hyperthyroidism |
| A patient reports having had a recent upper respiratory infection 2 weeks ago and is now having rapidly evolving bilateral muscle weakness of unknow origin. He is afebrile. What should the athletic trainer suspect? | Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| What is a common complication of hepatitis C? | Cirrhosis and liver cancer |
| What is the incubation period for HIV and human papillomavirus?? | 1 to 6 months |
| What is the most commonly inherited disorder among White Americans? | Cystic fibrosis |
| What structure is affected in an individual who has been diagnoses with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease)? | Motor neuron |
| A young gymnasts sustains a fracture/dislocation of the right talus, is immobilized for 6 weeks. After cast removal she complains of skin hypersensitivity, pain that is disproportional to the injury and resistance to move her toes. What disorder? | Reflex sympathetic dystrophy |
| What is the underlying cause of multiple sclerosis? | Demyelination of the neurons of the central nervous system |
| Mumps is a contagious viral disease that is primarily manifested by: | Parotitis |
| What is spina bifida occulta? | The incomplete formation of the posterior vertebral arch without herniation of the meninges or spinal cord |
| The biceps brachii tendon reflex correlates to what spinal level? | C5 |
| The patellar tendon reflex correlates to what spinal level? | L2-4 |
| A soccer player sustains a mild head injury during a game. The athletic trainer administers a Romberg's test on the sideline. What does this assess? | Cerebellum or basal ganglia dysfunction |
| How is cranial nerve VIII(8) tested? | Crumpling paper near the ear |
| How is cranial nerve XI (11) tested? | Resisting a shoulder shrug |
| How is cranial nerve IX tested? | Having the patient swallow |
| Changings in cognition and behavior and disorientation after a traumatic head injury are indicative of dysfunction of what part of the brain? | Cerebrum |
| The adrenal glands release what hormones? | Aldosterone cortisol epinephrine norepinephrine |
| One of the hormones that the pancreas produces is glucagon. What is the function of this hormone? | It stimulates the release of glucose from the liver into the blood |
| Mast cells release what chemical to initiate the inflammatory response? | Histamine |
| Lysosomes function to do what during the inflammatory process? | Contain enzymes that digest material brought into the cytoplasm of the cells during phagocytosis |
| During the inflammatory response, leukocytes are drawn to the site of injury by chemical mediators. This process is know as what? | Chemotaxis |
| What is one of the greatest concerns and primary life-threatening effect of rhabdomyolysis? | Renal failure |
| After a severe head injury, an individual may posture as follows: Extension of the lower limbs and flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers. This condition is knowns as what? | Decortication |
| If a patient whom an athletic trainer is working with has a history of asthma, what daily test should he or she use to monitory the patients condition? | Peak flow meter |
| cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune disorder. What is the primary symptom of this disease? | Goiter |
| Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is characterized by: | A short PR interval and prolonged QRS complex |
| What diagnostic tests is considered the 'gold standard' for detecting signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | Echocardiogram |
| What sign is tested for when a deep vein thrombosis is suspected after a traumatic incident occurs involving the lower leg? | Homan's sign |
| What is the hallmark sign of peripheral arterial diseas? | Intermittent claudication |
| Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal | Fatigue, headache irritability runny nose |
| When the athletic trainer places his or her thumb over the patient's distal bicep tendon and strikes the thumb with the reflex hammer. Which nerve level is being evaluated? | C5 |
| The athletic trainer performs a cervical distraction test on a patient. A positive finding is observed. This is indicative of what? | A nerve root compression or facet dysfunction |
| Which dermatome correlates to the T7 nerve root? | Xyphoid process, costal margin |
| What test is appropriate to perform is the athletic trainer suspects the patient has meningitis? | Brudzinski-Kernig test |
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