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Everest Mod C
Everest - Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The most obvious differences between males and females are in the construction and functions of the? | Reproductive System |
| The same hormones from the hypothalamus do what in females/males? | Stimulate ovaries/testes |
| The main differences of the reproductive system lies in what? | The development of the sex cells (ovum and sperm), anatomy to deliver sperm to ovum and the organ for the developing infant |
| The male reproductive system consists of? | The testes, epididymus, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis, and scrotum |
| What produces the sperm? | The seminiferous tubules in the testes |
| Where is the sperm produced? | In the testes |
| Where does the sperm mature? | In the Epididymus |
| How many testicles are there? | Two |
| The two testicles are enclosed in an external sac called? | The scrotum |
| The sperm move through____to connect with____? | The vas deferens, The seminal vesicles |
| What is the function of the seminal vesicles? | They produce and secrete a viscous fluid that makes up most of the semen |
| The semen passes from the vas deferens into? | The ejaculatory duct |
| The ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland and joins with? | The urethra |
| The prostate gland is what? | A group of small glands that surround the urethra |
| This connects to the urethra just below the prostate gland? | The duct of the bulbourethral or Cowper's glands |
| What does the duct of the bulbourethral or Cowper's glands do? | They secrete a thick lubricating fluid, which is a component of semen |
| When semen flows through the urethra to the outside of the body it is called? | Ejaculation |
| The penis is composed of a meshwork of erectile tissue which means it can? | Become firm by engorgement with blood |
| What are the parts of the penis? | The shaft, glans penis and the prepuce or foreskin |
| What is the function of the penis on the reproductive system? | To deposit sperm cells into the vagina |
| Testicular function is controlled by what two hormones? | Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| What hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the production of FSH and LH in both males and females? | Gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| In males FSH stimulates? | Sperm production |
| In males LH stimulates? | The secretion of testosterone |
| What are the secondary male sex characteristics? | Body growth, muscle and bone increase, penis and scrotum enlarge, larynx develops, voice deepens, hair on chest, axillae, abdomen and pubis |
| Testosterone and sperm are produced throughout life until? | After 40 the levels gradually diminish |
| Spermatogenesis takes place at a temperature that is? | Lower that body temperature |
| Erection as caused by? | A parasympathetic response to a variety of stimuli |
| Emission involves the contraction of? | The epididymis, the vas deferens, the prostate and the seminal vesicles |
| Ejaculation consists of the contraction of which muscles? | The bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus |
| What contraceptive methods are available for men? | Abstinence, the condom with or without spermicidal additives, coitus interruptus/withdrawal and vasectomy |
| The female reproductive system consists of? | Two ovaries, two fallopian tubes, the uterus, the vagina, the external genitalia and the mammary glands |
| Ovaries are solid glands that produce what hormones? | Estrogen and progesterone |
| The cortex of the ovaries contains numerous small masses of cells called? | Ovarian (graafian) follicles |
| The ovarian follicles contains? | An ovum |
| Ligaments hold the ovaries in close proximity to the? | Fallopian tubes |
| What is the function of the fallopian tube? | Serves as a duct to transport the ovum to the uterus |
| The uterus lies between what two structures? | The bladder and the rectum |
| The upper part of the uterus is called? | The fundus |
| The middle part of the uterus is called? | The corpus |
| The lower part of the uterus is called? | The cervix |
| The uterus receives the ovum and this allows? | The embryo to grow into a fetus |
| The inner lining of the uterus is called? | The endometrium |
| The endometrium is shed each month during? | Menstruation |
| Uterine contractions at the end of the gestation period push the fetus into? | The vagina |
| What are the two functions of the vagina? | Sexual intercourse and the delivery of a baby |
| During sexual arousal what glands secrete mucus into the vagina? | The Bartholin glands |
| During orgasm the muscular layer of the vagina contracts to? | Move the semen toward the cervix |
| The external organs of the female reproductive system are? | The labia majora, the labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis, vestibule, vaginal orifice and Bartholin's glands |
| The external organs of the female reproductive system are collectively called? | The vulva |
| The mammary glands are accessory glands that? | Produce and secrete milk after pregnancy |
| A series of hormonal events takes place every 28 days known as? | The menstrual cycle |
| Day 1 of the menstrual cycle begins? | On the first day of menstruation |
| Cyclic hormone changes occur in? | The pituitary, ovaries, uterus and vagina |
| FSH stimulates what in the female? | Growth of the follicle containing the mature egg and the secretion of female hormones |
| The main estrogen is called? | Estradiol |
| The female hormones collectively are called? | Estrogen |
| Estradiol is responsible for? | Female secondary sex characteristics, growth of the maturing follicle, growth of the endometrium and negative feedback control of FSH |
| LH has two functions in the female they are? | Ovulation the the formation of the Corpus luteum |
| The corpus luteum secretes what? | Estrogen and the progestins |
| The main progestin is? | Progesterone |
| Progesterone is responsible for? | Secretory phase of the uterine cycle, glandular growth in the breast and negative feedback control of LH |
| What are the secondary female sex characteristics? | The breasts grow, axillary and pubic hair,the uterus and vagina enlarge, menstruation starts |
| What is menopause? | A decrease of responsiveness of the ovaries to FSH and LH and irregular menstrual cycles |
| What contraceptive methods are available for women? | Birth control pill, injections of hormones, implants, IUD, diaphragm, spermicides, rhythm method, abstinence, tubal ligation and hysterectomy |
| Fertilization is the penetration of the egg by? | A sperm |
| Where does fertilization usually occur? | In the fallopian tube |
| Gestation for humans is? | 10 lunar months (9calendar months) |
| The ovum contains one X chromosome, the sperm contains? | One X or Y chromosome |
| What determines the gender of the fetus? | The sperm |
| Pregnancy is divided into? | Trimesters |
| The changes during the first trimester influence? | Mood, digestion, sleep and energy levels |
| What is usually the first sign of pregnancy? | Menstruation stops |
| The urge to urinate during pregnancy increases because? | The uterus enlarges and presses on the bladder |
| During early pregnancy the breasts may? | Swell, tingle, throb, or hurt |
| Another major symptom during the first trimester is? | Fatigue |
| Progesterone relaxes the smooth muscles of the intestines that may cause a woman? | To be constipated |
| During the first trimester between 60% - 80% of all women suffer from? | Nausea and vomiting |
| Increased blood in the vaginal area causes? | Vaginal secretions and discharge |
| Progesterone depresses the central nervous system and may cause? | Moodiness or depression |
| By week 15 the baby weighs? | Almost 2 ounces |
| A soft fine hair covers the baby and is called? | Lanugo |
| By 21 weeks the baby weighs about? | 1 pound |
| By the end of 21 weeks the skin is forming a white coating called? | Vernix caseosa |
| The vernix caseosa is a fatty film that does what? | Protects the skin from breakdown in the amniotic fluid and prevents the loss of water and electrolytes |
| Progesterone causes the gallbladder to take longer to empty and could cause? | Itching around the navel, entire belly, chest, neck, face and hands |
| Increase in water retention is called? | Edema |
| Edema that increases all over the body could indicate? | A serious medical problem |
| The urinary system becomes altered making it less efficient this may cause? | Urinary tract infections |
| At the end of the second trimester what is functioning at a higher level? | The brain and all the senses; hearing, sight, taste, touch and smell |
| The third trimester begins? | At 26 weeks |
| An early form of milk from the breasts is called? | Colostrum |
| Which hormone stimulates contraction of the uterus? | Oxytocin |
| During labor what happens to the cervix? | It softens, thins out and dilates |
| Early labor is characterized by what? | Contractions that cause the cervix to dilate 3 to 4 cm |
| Early labor contractions occur? | Every 5 - 20 minutes apart |
| Early labor contractions last how long? | From 30 - 45 seconds |
| How long can the early labor phase last? | 7 or 8 hours |
| How long can the active labor phase last? | 3 to 5 hours |
| During active labor how often do the contractions occur? | Every 2 - 4 minutes |
| How long do the contractions last in active labor? | Up to 60 seconds |
| How long can the transition phase last? | 30 -90 minutes |
| How often do the contractions occur during the transition phase? | Every 30 seconds |
| How long do the contractions last during the transition phase? | 90 seconds |
| What is an episiotomy? | A surgical incision in the perineum, between the rectum and the vagina |
| What is a Cesarean birth or C-section? | A surgical procedure that delivers the infant through the abdomen |
| The main physiologic function of the mammary gland is? | To provide proper nutrition for the baby also protects the infant from infections during the first few months |
| What does colostrum contain? | High protein content and antibodies |
| When does the breast start to secrete milk? | 1 - 3 days after delivery |
| Any bleeding during pregnancy is? | Not normal |
| What is another term for miscarriage? | Spontaneous abortion |
| Name five types of spontaneous abortion. | Threatened abortion, inevitable abortion, incomplete abortion,complete abortion, missed abortion |
| what is a threatened abortion? | The cervix is closed but cramps and bleeding occur |
| What is an inevitable abortion? | Heavy bleeding and cramps, cervix dilates expelling everything still intact |
| What is an incomplete abortion? | The condition in which the uterus has expelled some but not all of the pregnancy tissue |
| What is a complete abortion? | All pregnancy tissue passes spontaneously |
| What is a missed abortion? | The fetus dies and is not expelled |
| An ectopic pregnancy occurs when? | The fetus starts to develop in the fallopian tube |
| Preeclampsia, toxemia and pregnancy induced hypertension are? | The same complication of pregnancy |
| The only cure for preeclampsia is? | Delivery |
| Bartholin's glands are located? | On each side of the vaginal opening |
| Obstruction of the Bartholin duct is a condition called? | Bartholin's cyst |
| With malignancy in women cervical cancer is? | The third most common |
| Cervicitis is? | Inflammation of the cervix |
| Endometriosis is a disease in which? | Endometrial tissue is present in nonuterine locations |
| Infertility is a decrease in? | The ability to conceive |
| Sterility is the? | Total loss of the ability to conceive |
| Infertility may be temporary and can result from? | Structural or functional problems in the male, female or both |
| In males the common causes of infertility are? | Impotency, decreased sperm number, abnormalities in sperm anatomy or motility |
| In females the common causes of infertility are? | Lack of ovulation, disorders of the fallopian tubes, abnormal mucus secretions |
| Hyperemesis Gravidardum is severe? | Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy |
| Prostatitis is? | An infection of the prostate gland |
| Enlargement of the prostate is? | Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| What cancer is the second most common in men? | Prostate cancer |
| What is an S.T.D.? | Any sexually transmitted infection , disease or parasite |
| Name some sexually transmitted diseases. | Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, vaginal infections, hepatitis B infection, genital warts, herpes, AIDS, HIV, lice |
| A benign tumor that grows inside the uterine muscle is a? | Myoma or fibroid |
| Myoma or fibroid tumors may be? | Small, grow slowly and be asymptomatic |
| Tumor that grow large or rapid cause? | Heavy bleeding possibly leading to anemia |
| Fibroids are the most common disorder of the uterus and occur? | In the late reproductive years and are estrogen dependent |
| Polyps are small growths of the? | Endometrium and extend into the body of the uterus |
| Polyps are common in? | All age groups especially women with no children |
| Vaginitis is? | Inflammation of the vagina |
| Yeast vaginitis is a common? | Infection caused by the fungus Candida albacans |
| Trichomonas vaginitis is caused by? | A protozoal parasite that may infect the urinary tract of both sexes |
Created by:
hdarguzis
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