click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
WH Ch 7 People
Same as my other WH Ch 7 set but only the peopel
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Roger Bacon | English philosopher and scientist before the Renaissance, considered leading scholar of his time; suggested scientific experimentation rather than acceptance of religious ideas |
Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish scientist who rejected Ptolemy's geocentric theory, arguing with development of the heliocentric theory |
Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who used models, math, and observation to prove the heliocentric theory |
Galileo Galilei | Italian scientist who sketched the motions of heavenly bodies in the solar system he observed in a telescope, and further proved the heliocentric theory |
Isaac Newton | English scientist who proposed the law of universal gravitation and described attraction between bodies with his laws of motion |
Andreas Vesalius | Flemish scientist who pioneered the study of anatomy, making detailed visualizations of components of the human body in his book |
René Descartes | French philosopher and mathematician, a leader of the Scientific Revolution, pioneered a method of questioning that followed logical reasoning, by refusing to reach conclusions based on just assumptions |
Francis Bacon | English philosopher and scientist, believed that scientific theories could only be developed by observation, no assumption should be trusted unless proven by repeated experiments. |
Robert Boyle | English-Irish scientist, pioneered science of modern chemistry, showing that temperature and pressure affect volume of a gas. |
Prince Henry | "The Navigator," explored in search of gold for Portugal, gathering many of Europe's greatest navigators and geographers for his expeditions |
Bartolomeu Dias | Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa, discovering the route to the Indian Ocean |
Vasco da Gama | Sailed eastward across the Indian Ocean, landing in India, then returning to Portugal with his ship full of valuable goods |
Christopher Columbus | Decided to sail westward to find a faster route to Asia instead of sailing around the southern tip of Africa, discovering what is now the Bahamas and the Americas |
Amerigo Vespucci | Italian navigator who knew that Columbus' discovery of the West Indies was not, in fact, India, but rather a whole new continent, and the Americas were named after him |
Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who sailed the Atlantic with five ships to the southernmost tip of South America through the strait now named after him, and naming the Pacific Ocean |
Ponce de León | Sailed northward from the Caribbean to what is now Florida |
Hernán Cortés | Spanish explorer who invaded the Mayans and the Aztec in Mexico, destroying the Aztec city of Tenochtitlán and building Mexico City on top of it |
Moctezuma II | Aztec ruler who was seized by Hernán Cortés |
Francisco Pizarro | Led expedition from Panama to the capital of the Inca Empire in present-day Peru, destroying Aztec and Inca statues and temples and claiming gold and silver from religious objects and buildings for Spain |
Charles V | Became Spanish king in 1516 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 and struggled to meet Spanish and German needs as well as defend Christian Europe against the Ottoman Turks |
Philip II | Inherited the Spanish throne from his father and involved Spain in wars to defend Catholicism and bring glory to Spain, defeating the Ottoman Empire |
William of Orange | Led a revolt against Philip II by employing guerilla warfare, because of Philip's mistreatment of Netherlands residents and Calivinists |