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History Ch. 1
Origins of Modern Civ. and Gov.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why was Greece divided into city-states? | Because of mountainous, rock terrain and numerous islands (no centralized gov't) |
| What makes a monarchy? | Rule by one |
| What makes an aristocracy? | Rule by landowning elites |
| What were Plato's contributions? | disliked democracy (has his own form with philisophy-kings) |
| What were Aristotle's contributions? | observation and investigation, preferred constitutional gov. |
| When/why did Rome become a republic? | In 509 BCE, because they were tired of absolute monarchy |
| What is a republic? | a government where officials are chosen by the people |
| What was the noble class of Rome called? | Patricians |
| What branch of gov't did Patricians elect their own into? | Senate |
| Where did consuls come from? | They were rotated from Senate (like the city counsel to mayor) |
| What was the commoner class of Rome called? | Plebeians |
| What defines an oligarchy? | rule by wealthy, influential business class |
| What defines a democracy? | rule by the many |
| What form of gov't did sparta have? | militaristic oligarchy |
| What form of gov't did athens have? | limited democracy |
| What were the greek philosophers' thoughts on democracy? | they questioned if it was truly helpful and had ideas on better forms of gov't |
| Why is athens considered a direct democracy? | because citizens can vote for laws and elect gov. officials |
| What were Socrates' contributions? | Socratic method, question everything, one's own intelligence |
| Where could plebeians serve in gov't? | the Assembly as tribunes (magistrates too) |
| What branch of Roman gov't was considered most democratic? | Assembly (because it was made up of citizens) |
| What three lasting achievements came from Rome? | Social equality under law/right to defend oneself/innocent until proven guilty |
| What were the 12 Tables of Rome? | First written law code of Rome which increased rights of plebeians and prevented Patricians from changing laws |
| What was the job of the Dictator in Roman gov't? | He acted as an emergency leader in times of crisis (such as war) and only served 6 mo. |
| Who created a new order that would eventually become the Roman Empire? | Octavian (changed to Augustus) |
| What led to Republic --> Empire? | Rome grew too large with its conquests that it was unable to remain democratic |
| What idea was shared in Greece, Rome, and Christianity? | The "sacred worth of the individual" (this concept also fueled the Renaissance) |
| Why was Jesus killed? | Roman officials thought he was too radical and would cause a revolt |
| Why was Jesus seen as so radical? | He promoted Christianity which did not involve his god and loyalty to the state the same way Rome did. |
| Until what point were Christians persecuted? | Until 313 BCE, when Emp. Constantine issued the Edict of Milan (promotes tolerance). it later became official religion |
| What Judeo-Christian added to Greco-Roman traditions? | the search for truth, duty to follow law, and social equality |
| What are some things that caused the fall of the Roman Empire? | disease, bad rulers, foreign invasions, expansive size |
| Who were the Scholastics? | church scholars who read and reintroduced Greek and Roman philosophy to affirm Christian values/ideas |
| What form of gov't took place during the Middle Ages? | Feudalism |
| What is the Magna Carta? | a document created by King John I's nobles that gave them more power and limited the king's |
| Why was the Magna Carta created? | nobles were upset at their lack of power and how much they were being taxed to fund the king's war |
| What key thing did the Magna Carta establish? | Common Counsel (led to Parliament) meetings at set times and place for set reasons to ensure counsel |
| Where did the claim of the authority to rule come from? | "Divine Right" |
| How were the values of the Renaissance similar to the Greeks and Roman? They valued the success and intelligence of the individual | They valued the success and intelligence of the individual |
| What is humanism? | movement of renewed interest in Greek & Roman ideas (latin, math, philosophy, etc) |
| What is secularism? | non-religious learning, appreciating time on earth (not just seeing here as a transition to afterlife) |
| What is individualism? | focus on achievement and self |
| What ruled the 1700s? | absolute monarchy (DIVINE RIGHT) |
| How was class divided in the 1700s? | Elites and commoners |
| Why did the Merchant class resent the Elites? | Because even though they had more wealth, they weren't given the same rights or respect as the elite |
Created by:
jabaited
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