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APWH:Modern

characteristics of a civilization and an empire

QuestionAnswer
What might have caused the shift to agriculture? Humans were able to plant crops, which was a reliable food source. Populations were also increasing, which is why many groups settles down.
What is the influence of geography on the formation of civilizations? Many river valley civilizations formed near rivers or other water sources. This allowed water for drinking, and irrigation for crops. Soil near these areas were also more fertile, allowing for the growth of other crops
What were some early challenges that early civilizations faced? The need for a centralized authority or government, irrigation for crops, and cooperation of people to build civil needs, like irrigation ditches and sewer systems
What are the 6 characteristics of civilization? Organized writing systems, long distance trade, complex, formal government, growth of cities, clear social classes, and highly specialized occupations,
Where was the Nile River Civilization located? (then and today) It was located in North Eastern Africa, in modern-day Egypt
Where was the Tigris and Euphrates civilization located? ( then and today) It was located in Mesopotamia, modern-day Turkey and Iraq
Where was the Indus Valley civilization located? It was located in the Indus Valley, in modern-day Pakistan
Where was the Yellow River ( Huang He) civilization located? It was located in Ancient China, in modern day East Asia
What was the form of government in the Nile River Valley? Religious monarchy, pharaohs
What was the form of government in the Tigris and Euphrates Valley? Theocracies and city states
What was the form of government in the Indus Valley? Not much is known about the system of government in this civilization
What was the form of government in the Yellow River Valley? Dynasties and bureacracies
What was the religion in the Nile River Valley? Pharaohs are reincarnations of gods
What was the religion in the Indus River Valley? Little in known, but gods and goddesses were important
What was the religion in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley? Goods were associated with various forces of nature. Many gods were engraved on pots and jewelry
What was the religion in the Yellow River Valley? Confucianism
What are some of the Nile River Valley's contributions? They built monuments (pyramids) that held religious beliefs
What are some of the Indus River Valley's contributions? Major trading centers were in this civilization, and clay carts with wheels were also developed.
What are some of the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley's contributions? Sumerians developed a system of writing, originally in picture form but developed into phonetic symbols
What are some of the Yellow River Valley's contributions? Proper behavior and social conduct was developed for classes in hierarchies, and textiles like silk and jewelry were also introduced.
What are characteristics of an empire? centralized and efficiently run government, uniform currencies, service from citizens, superior military technology, uniform legal codes, elaborate public monuments, patronization of learning ,literature, arts, and philosophy, and strong allegiance.
Example of centralized and efficiently run government: Han China trained bureaucrats extensively Literacy in Greek was essential for advancement in public/private sectors in Persia
Example of uniform currencies Romans use the denarius to facilitate trade.
Example of service from citizens Han China demanded corvee labor from their adult male citizens
Example of superior military technology Defenses, like the Great Wall in China, were built to keep out invaders
Example of uniform legal codes Rome's 12 tables and the Mauryan code engraved onto stone pillars
Example of elaborate public works roads, aqueducts, granaries, and irrigation systems. Also monuments such as temples, tombs and palaces
Example of literature, arts, or philosophy Library of Alexandria
Example of strong allegiance and spirit of public service Ashoka's symbol of the lion continues serving as the national symbol of modern-day India.
Created by: Peachie_77
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