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10.1-10.4
Honors Modern World History Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Humanism | An emphasis on education, secular subjects, and individual achievement. |
| Humanities | Subjects such as poetry, grammar, rhetoric, and history. |
| Francesco Petrarch | Early renaissance humanist, poet, and scholar who lived in Florence Italy. He hunted done and assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts which inspired his followers to do the same. Lost manuscripts from Rome and Greece became known again to Weste |
| Vernacular | The language spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. |
| Florence | A city in Italy that produced many gifted poets, artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in a short space of time. |
| Patron | A person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause or activity. |
| Machiavelli | 16 Century philosopher known for his political ideas. His book "The Prince" was known for the saying "The end justifies the means" which offered a guide to rulers on how to gain/maintain power. |
| Perspective | Artists technique used to give paintings and drawings a three-dimensional effect. |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | A renaissance man in the fields of botany, art, anatomy, optics, music, architecture and more. His popular paintings include the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. His paintings were admired for the freshness and realism. |
| Michelangelo | Born in 1475, sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and more taken under the wing by the Medici's. As a young man he created the Pieta and David. He painted the murals on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and design for the dome of St. Peters Cathedral. |
| Raphael | His paintings blended Christian and classical styles. He created the School of Athens, which was an imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists. Another famous painting was his self portrait. |
| Castiglione's Ideal Courtier | Book by Baldassare Castiglione which described the manners, skills, learning, and virtues members of the court should have. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Served as a Florence diplomat, observed Kings and princes in foreign courts, studied AR history. Published "The Prince" in 1513 that urged rulers to use whatever means necessary to achieve their goals. Saw himself as an enemy of oppression/corruption. |
| Flanders | A region that included parts of what is today northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. |
| Albrecht Durer | He helped spread renaissance ideas to north Europe. He is known for applying painting techniques to engraving. |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch humanist that produced a new Greek edition of the New Testament and Latin translated bible. Called for the translation of the bible into vernacular and the wordliness of the church in Praise of Folly where he used humor to explain immoral behavior. |
| Sir Thomas Moore | Pressed for social/economical reforms in Utopia which described harmony, higher education, no private property, and what he described as a perfect world. |
| William Shakespeare | Wrote 37 plays expressing universal themes in realistic setting. His works explored ren. ideals like the complexity of individuals and wrote in vernacular. He created 1,700 words used in English today, |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Printed the first complete edition of the bible with his invention, the printing press which later spread to Italy, Germany, Netherlands, and England. |
| Indulgence | A type of pardon that reduced the time of punishment a soul faced for their sins in purgatory. Originally, they could only be earned through good dead's but later could be bought or by gifting to the Church to fund the cost of the Cathedral. |
| Martin Luther | German who became a monk after promising to become one if he were spared from a storm. He was very angry with all the corruption he saw within the church. He acted and wrote the 95 thesis on indulgences and posted it on Whitesburg's All Saints Church. |
| Charles 5 | Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-1556. He was extremely Catholic and summoned Luther to the Diet of Worms to defend his work. He ended up making Luther an outlaw and banning his work. |
| Diet | An assembly meeting on a daily basis. |
| Luther's Followers | Called themselves Protestant for those who protested Papal authority. Many German Princes embraced Lutheran beliefs as w ay to get rid of the Church/Holy Roman Empire. Others wanted to seize Catholic property and some were actually loyal. |
| The Peasant's Revolt | 1524, peasants revolted/demanded an end to Serfdom +changes to ease their hard lives, hoping to gain Luther's support. Luther didn't and instead, nobles suppressed the rebellion with brutally, killing up to 100,000 and leaving many homeless. |
| John Calvin | In 1536, he published the Institutes of the Christian Religion. In it, his religious beliefs and advice on how to run a Protestant Church. He had the same ideas as Luther, but believed in predestination. |
| Predestination | Doctrine that events had been willed by God. Basically, God had long ago decided who would gain salvation. |
| Geneva | A city-state in Switzerland that asked Calvin to leas their community. |
| Theocracy | A government run by church leaders. |
| King Henry 8 | Dissolves Catholic Church in England and took their wealth. He didn't want to reform but disavowed the Pope. The Act of Supremacy allowed him to become the Supreme of the Church. Many Catholics were executed including Sir Thomas Moore. |
| Edward VI | Jane Seymour and Henry's son who took the throne after he died. He added more Protestant doctrines including the Book of Common Prayer. He died young. |
| Mary Tudor | The only living child of Catherine of Aragon. Tried to make England Catholic once more after taking the throne following Edward's death. She burned many Protestants at the stake. However, she died. |
| Elizabeth | Made a religious compromise; The Elizabeth Settlement. English replaced Latin, the Book of common Prayer was restored, and Catholic ritual was kept. The Hierarchy of the Church was kept however the Monarch was the head of the Church not the Pope. |
| Council of Trent | 1545; reaffirmed the traditional Catholic views the Protestants has challenged. Salvation came through faith/good work and declared the bible wasn't the only source of religious truth. |
| The Index of Forbidden Books | Works considered to immoral for Catholics to read including Luther and Calvin's works. |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Founder of the Society of Jesus dedicated to fighting hearsay and spreading Catholicism. The program included spiritual/moral discipline, rigorous religious training + absolute obedience to the Church. Their faith spread to Asia, Africa, and Americas. |
| Teresa of Avila | Born into a wealthy Spanish family and entered a convent young. She late set up her own order of nuns. Superiors in the Church asked her to reform Spanish convents/monasteries. After her death, she was made a saint by the Church for her work. |
| Ghettos | Separate quarters or parts of a city that segregated Jews from the rest of the population. They were forced to live in their. |
| Thomas Cranmer | Archbishop appointed by Henry who is responsible for the annulment of the marriage between Henry and Catherine after the Pope had refused the annulment. |
| Sects | A group of people with different religious beliefs/versions from those of a larger group to which they belong. |
| The Peace of Augsburg | Charles tried to force Lutheran princes back into the Catholic Church. The Peace of Augsburg created in 1555 allowed each prince to decide what religion would be followed in their land. |
| What did most of North Germany decide to follow? | Lutheranism |
| What did most of South Germany decide to follow? | Catholicism because it was closer geographically to the Sistine Chapel. |
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