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Hist 150 Ch 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agricultural crops and domesticated animals reached Egypt from sub-Saharan Africa by way of Nubia as well as from | southwest asia |
| Under which conditions did agriculture emerge in Africa? | changes in climatic conditions |
| After 7500 B.C.E. Sudanic society made the shift from | nomadic herding to settled agriculture |
| Around 5000 B.C.E., the small-scale states in the Sudan were led by which type of ruler? | kings who were seen as divine or semidevine beings |
| How did climate change after 5000 B.C.E. affect the people of Africa? | it forced communities to move closer to the remaining bodies of water |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes Egypt and Nubia? | egypt was somewhat more prosperous than Nubia |
| Around 10,000 B.C.E, after the end of the last ice age, the area now occupied by the Sahara desert was mostly | grassy steppe land |
| Compared to their neighbors in Nubia to the south, the Egyptians were better able to take advantage of the Nile's | annual floods |
| After about 9000 B.C.E., which of the following animals became vital to early Sudanic society? | cattle |
| What ancestral language did immigrants from Ethiopia introduce to the lower parts of the Nile valley? | coptic |
| Reflecting the agricultural basis of their society, the Sudanic peoples worshiped a single divine force responsible for both good and evil, which they associated with | rain |
| After 5000 B.C.E., how did the climate of northern Africa change? | it became hotter and drier |
| Which agricultural changes occurred in Egypt around 5000 B.C.E? | crops were grown outside of the floodplains |
| Because Egypt had advanced both agriculturally and demographically, by about 3100 B.C.E. it was able to create | a unified kingdom |
| What geographical characteristic did the Egyptians use for agriculture as the Sahara became more arid? | floodplains |
| The position of pharaoh continued the tradition of ______ inherited from earlier kingdoms. | divine kingship |
| What new African crops did Sudanic immigrants bring to Egypt and Nubia? | watermelon and gourds |
| Later pharaohs were seen as the sons of the sun god | amon |
| What prompted Egypt's development of sophisticated agricultural practices? | an increase in population required an increase in food |
| Which of the following best identifies the most enduring achievement(s) of the Old Kingdom pharaohs? | massive royal tombs |
| After 3100 B.C.E. and under the leadership of Menes, Egypt controlled all the territory between | the nile delta and the river's first cataract |
| Menes and his successors left behind | a centralized state ruled by a king |
| What was the primary reason Nubia established the early kingdom of Kush? | Nubians feared Egyptian invasion |
| Some characteristics of the Hyksos were that they | were semitic, practiced a nomadic way of life |
| Symbolized by a falcon or a hawk, early pharaohs were associated with the sky god | Horus |
| New Kingdom pharaohs are famed for building all of the following except | pyramids |
| The Archaic Period (3100-2660 B.C.E.) and the Old Kingdom (2660-2160 B.C.E.) were the eras of the greatest power for the Egyptian | pharaohs |
| Why did pharaohs like Tuthmosis III conquer nearby regions? | to prevent new invasions and subdue threats |
| A powerful new kingdom of Kush was able to rise in part because of | Egypt's political and military decline |
| Which of the following best describes the kingdom of Kush? | powerful but not as strong as egypt |
| The Assyrian armies that invaded Egypt in the mid-seventh century B.C.E. were equipped with weapons made from | iron |
| Why were the Hyksos successful in capturing Memphis, the capital of Egypt? | they had horses and bronze weapons, which gave them a military advantage |
| The government in Egypt's New Kingdom | had a bureaucracy that divided responsibilities |
| All of the following are characteristic of early agricultural societies except | matriarchal in nature |
| Unlike Old and Middle Kingdom Egypt, Egypt in the New Kingdom | was an imperial power that controlled territory far beyond its traditional borders |
| All of the following were important cities in Egypt prior to the fall of the New Kingdom except | alexandria |
| King Kashta is best known for | founding a kushite dynasty that ruled egypt |
| Who invaded Egypt from the south during the eighth century B.C.E.? | the Kushites |
| Which of the following cities were capitals of Nubia? | Napata, Kerma |
| In the early agricultural societies of Africa, the development of cities and their dense populations encouraged the emergence of | specialized labor |
| Egypt depended on the ______ for the majority of its labor force. | lower classes |
| The busy port city of ____ was considered Egypt's early gateway to the Mediterranean. | Tanis |
| For the most part, women were not allowed to participate in ______ affairs in Egyptian and Nubian societies. | political |
| In what ways does a statue of Queen Hatshepsut reveal an effort to make her citizens more comfortable with her as a ruler? | she wears a stylized beard to associate herself with previous pharaohs |
| Why did Napata replace the old capital of the kingdom of Kush? | it was farther from egypt and therefore less vulnerable |
| Which of the following descriptions of differences in social structure between Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies is not accurate? | Positions in the Egyptian military and government were hereditary, whereas in Mesopotamia advancement was based on merit. |
| Which of the following metals became integral to Egyptian and Nubian craftsmen? | iron and bronze |
| Which group of people brought large quantities of bronze into Egypt while attempting to conquer the Nile? | Hyksos |
| Because Egyptian and Nubian cultures were structured in such a way that men held authority over political and economic affairs, they are considered to be what kind of society? | patriarchal |
| Which of the following is true of the emergence of iron metallurgy in Africa? | it may have arisen independently rather than been imported |
| In both Egypt and Nubia, women sometimes worked as ______, a position involving the preparation of administrative and legal documents for governments and individuals. | scribes |
| Which of the the following statements does not accurately describe similarities between Egyptian and Nubian approaches to transportation? | As in Egypt, it was easy to navigate around cataracts and prevailing winds in Nubia enabled boats to travel upriver. |
| Sudanic peoples independently developed _____ that eventually spread to most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. | iron production technology |
| What did Egypt import from Nubia? | raw materials, including ebony, gold and gemstones |
| Which of the following statements regarding the arrival of bronze metallurgy in Egypt is incorrect? | in contrast to most other societies, egypt developed iron technology before it adopted bronze tools |
| The Nubians produced little bronze because | they were busy producing iron, nubia did not have the raw materials for it |
| To trade with the east African land of Punt, Egyptians had to navigate the Red Sea and the | gulf of aden |
| Why did the Nubians use overland transportation more than the Egyptians? | the cataracts in the nile were unnavigable |
| In addition to the many examples found in monument inscriptions, hieroglyphic writing survives on sheets of a paper-like material fashioned from the insides of reeds, a material known as | papyrus |
| What did Nubia import from Egypt? | finished goods, including linens, wine, and pottery |
| Which of the following is not a term for a style of writing developed in Egypt? | pharaonic |
| Egypt's cultural influence in Nubia was especially strong when | Egyptian political and military influence was strong in southern lands |
| Tomb illustrations depict a 1450 B.C.E. interaction between the Egyptians and residents of a land they called Punt. During the interaction, the Egyptians and residents of Punt | traded with each other |
| Before devising their own writing system, Nubians used Egyptian | hieroglyphs |
| Samples of ancient Egyptian writing still exist because | its climate preserved the paper-like material used for the writings |
| Who were the principal gods of ancient Egypt? | amon and re |
| What did Egypt import from Nubia? | raw materials, including ebony, gold and gemstones |
| Which of the following is true of hieratic script? | it was used for everyday affairs |
| Though Nubian peoples spoke their own languages, all early writing in Nubia was Egyptian _____ writing. | hieroglyphic |
| As Egyptian influence declined, scholars in Nubia developed their own system for writing in the ______ language, an alphabetic script based on sounds rather than ideas. | Meroitic |
| Which of the following best explains why the cult of Aten died out while that of Amon-Re flourished? | After Akhenaten's death, traditional priests eradicated all memory of Aten's cult while restoring the privileged status of Amon-Re. |
| An immense temple complex in _____ supported priests who tended to the cult of Amon-Re. | Heliopolis |
| Many Egyptians believed that | upon death they would go to another facet of existence |
| Following Osiris's death at the hands of his brother, Seth, Osiris's wife, Isis, | gave him a proper burial, and the gods, impressed by her devotion restored him to life |
| Against what object did Osiris weigh people's hearts? | a feather, which symbolized justice |
| Which of the following statements regarding the way that Egyptian and Nubian religious practices blended in Nubia is not correct? | Egyptian gods eventually replaced Nubian deities altogether. |
| What was the primary difference between those who worshiped Amon-Re and those who worshiped Aten? | People who worshiped Amon-Re practiced polytheism, whereas people who worshiped Aten practiced monotheism. |
| Egyptians' and Nubians' most prominent interactions and exchange in sub-Saharan Africa were with _____ speakers. | bantu |
| Egyptians mummified their dead because they believed in | immortality, an afterlife |
| Osiris was the Egyptian god of the | underworld |
| Where did the earliest Bantu-speaking people settle? | near present-day Nigeria and Cameroon |
| Following death, Osiris was said to bestow immortality on people | with high moral standards |
| To where did the Bantu migrate after 2000 B.C.E.? | east toward the great lakes and south toward the congo river basin |
| The most prominent Nubian diety was | Apedemak |
| Agriculture spread from ___ to sub-Saharan Africa, where Bantu-speaking peoples built agricultural societies. | the Sudan |
| One reason the Bantu were able to establish and populate new settlements was the fact that their | agricultural surpluses could feed more people |
| The Bantu people are grouped together by | language |
| Migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples | resulted in the emergence of several different languages |
| The pace of Bantu migrations quickened after about 1000 B.C.E., as Bantu peoples began to produce tools and weapons made of | iron |
| Peoples speaking _____ languages spread the cultivation of okra throughout much of west Africa. | Niger-Congo |
| By the late centuries B.C.E., the Bantu spread agriculture to all of sub-Saharan Africa except for | densely forested regions, deserts |
| The Bantu were able to establish new settlements because of their transportation skills, more specifically, their ability to build and use | canoes |
| Responsibilities in Bantu communities were assigned to members placed in specific groups. The groups were determined by the members' | ages |
| How did fashioning tools and weapons out of new materials help the Bantu? | It allowed their population to grow rapidly, it helped them clear land more effectively |
| Between 3500 and 1000 BCE, southern _____ herders moved into parts of east Africa (modern-day Kenya and Tanzania). | Kushite |
| What crops did Bantu farmers cultivate in east and south Africa? | yams and grains |
| In addition to domestic duties, women in sub-Saharan African societies sometimes also | traded at markets |
| Which of the following best describes the religious beliefs of the Sudanic and Niger-Congo peoples? | monotheistic |
| Migrations of Bantu and other peoples resulted in | religious beliefs spread to new communities |
| Peoples speaking _____ languages spread the cultivation of okra throughout much of west Africa. | Niger-Congo |
| In Sudanic religious beliefs, the divine force | was responsible for the good fortune of people, should be followed or punishment would occur |
| After 1000 B.C.E., the Bantu associated the god Nyamba with goodness after interacting with _____ people who worshiped a single divine force that was both good and evil. | Sudanic |
Created by:
SarahVD
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