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Hist 150 Ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mesopotamia was located in a ____ region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. | valley |
| Which of the following are true about increased agricultural production in Sumer? | it helped make the sumerians the dominant people of mesopotamia, it led to increased population, it attracted people from other areas. |
| The Semitic peoples were mostly nomadic | herders |
| Sumerians began to construct ______ in approximately 4000 B.C.E. | cities |
| Which of the following factors was not among the reasons that Sumerian cities developed into organized states? | a monopoly on long-distance trade routes |
| Mesopotamia was located in what is now | iraq |
| Which of the following are examples of Sumerian construction projects organized by the state? | defensive walls, palaces, temples |
| What was the key factor in increased crop yields in Sumer? | irrigation |
| Which of the following was NOT among the duties of those who oversaw Sumerian irrigation systems? | measuring water safety levels |
| The term "Semitic" originally referred to groups united by what common factor? | language group |
| Which of the following statements accurately describe Sumerian cities? | they were sites of busy marketplaces that increased economic power, they were centers of military and political authority. |
| How did Sumerian city-states differ from earlier Sumerian cities? | they wielded authority over territories beyond the cities themselves |
| The massive stepped pyramids of Sumerian construction are called | ziggurats |
| How did Sumerian cities primarily protect themselves from attack? | they built walls and organized armies |
| What essential element of irrigation system construction required state oversight? | coordination of labor |
| Empires were _____ than city-states. | larger in scale |
| How did Sargon of Akkad come to power? | after staging a coup, he went on campaigns of conquest as the head of an army |
| What geographical feature made Sumerian cities vulnerable to raids? | flat terrain, which made the cities easy to raid |
| Which best describes Sargon's method of rule? | he often traveled with his armies throughout his realm to maintain loyalty |
| Hammurabi created an efficient system for | taxation |
| How did the first empires originate? | kings sought to punish or conquer their neighbors |
| Which of the following statements about Hammurabi's laws is FALSE? | they banned slavery |
| what did sargon accomplish? | he conquered numerous city-states and placed them under his control |
| Assur and Nineveh were important Assyrian | cities |
| What factor sparked rebellions against Sargon's rule? | the need to feed and support his troops and retainers |
| What was one Hammurabi's major political innovations? | an efficient system of bureaucracy |
| Long-reigning Assyrian King _____ styled himself "king of the universe." | assurbanipal |
| Which of the following statements is true about Hammurabi's laws? | punishments resembled their violations |
| What technology, borrowed from the Hittites, made the Assyrians successful on the battlefield? | chariots |
| Examples of the types of written records preserved from the Assyrian empire include all of the following EXCEPT | epic novels |
| At its height, the Assyrian empire included parts of all of the following regions EXCEPT | cyprus |
| The Chaldean, or New Babylonian, empire is remembered for its extraordinary | wealth and luxury |
| Mesopotamian metal workers found bronze to be ______ than copper. | stronger and more expensive |
| Why is the great library of the Assyrian King Assurbanipal historically important? | it contained much of the mesopotamian writing that survives to the present day |
| Why did iron become favored over bronze for weapons and tools? | iron was less expensive than bronze |
| By the mid-_____ millennium B.C.E., Sumerians were building wheeled carts. | third |
| The Assur-Kanesh trade route demonstrates that | assyrian merchants were highly organized and efficient |
| The ruler of Babylon who built the hanging gardens was | Nebuchadnezzar |
| Increased wealth in the Mesopotamian cities impacted residents by | leading to increased social stratification |
| Which of the following activities was the first to be greatly affected by bronze metallurgy? | warfare |
| The Assyrians made especially effective use of which of the following? | chariots, iron weapons |
| Early Mesopotamian kings and nobles won their power through success as ______. | warriors |
| What was the chief importance of the early use of the wheel in Mesopotamia? | it made long distance hauling possible |
| Ancient correspondence concerning the Assur-Kanesh trade route reveals that | women and children created textiles for trade by male family members |
| Temples provided all the following except | training for soldiers |
| What was the underlying factor that first made the accumulation of wealth possible? | agriculture |
| In Mesopotamian society, free commoners | could own their own property |
| What is an example of the high status afforded to early kings and nobles? | legends told how they were descended from gods |
| Which of the following situations could lead to enslavement in Mesopotamia? | being heavily in debt, being convicted of a crime, being captured in war |
| Which three of the following are accurate regarding Mesopotamian religious personnel? | they intervened with the gods to ensure the good fortune of their communities, they were closely connected with the rulers and their allies, they were supported by offerings of food and clothing from the people. |
| According to Hammurabi's laws, men could engage in sex with women other than their wives, but the penalty for female adultery was | death |
| In Mesopotamian society, dependent clients | usually worked as laborers on lands owned by others |
| By 1500 B.C.E. it became customary for Mesopotamian married women to travel in public only when | wearing a veil |
| Some enslaved people in Mesopotamian society worked as agricultural laborers, but most worked as | household servants |
| The earliest form of Mesopotamian writing consisted of | pictographs |
| The word cuneiform comes from two Latin words meaning | wedge-shaped |
| The Mesopotamian patriarchal society left which of the following responsibilities to adult men? | deciding the work that family members would perform, making decisions about public policies and affairs, making marraige arrangements for children |
| What made formal schooling necessary in Mesopotamian societies? | the difficulty of mastering cuneiform |
| What did writing make possible, beyond keeping records? | the communication of complex ideas |
| What important and powerful role did some women play in Mesopotamian society? | high priestesses of temples |
| What Mesopotamian invention concerning calendars survives to the present? | the 12 month year |
| The oldest known writing in Mesopotamia was used to record | business transactions |
| What form of writing eventually replaced cuneiform? | greek alphabetic script |
| True or false: The terms Jews and Hebrews were synonymous in early Mesopotamia. | false |
| What were the most common vocations of Mesopotamians who acquired literacy in the formal schools? | scribes, government officials |
| What is an example of a Mesopotamian practice adopted by the Hebrews? | legal principles borrowed from the code of hammurabi |
| Beyond keeping records, writing made possible the communication of complex ideas about things like | the world, the gods |
| After settling in Palestine, what political structure did the Israelites eventually adopt? | a mesopotamian style monarchy |
| What essential activity inspired the Mesopotamians to study astronomy and mathematics? | agriculture |
| What did the Hebrew god Yahweh demand of his worshipers? | exclusive worship |
| The history of the ancient Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews was preserved through | sacred writings |
| True or false: The Hebrew story of a devastating flood can be traced to Mesopotamian origins. | true |
| What was the attitude of the Israelites toward Palestinian gods? | the israelites worshiped some of the gods until eventually becoming monotheists |
| The Israelites were Hebrews led out of Egypt to Palestine by | moses |
| After the Babylonian conquest in 586 B.C.E., the Israelites of Judah, unlike the northern Israelites, | maintained their cultural and religious identity |
| After the Babylonian captivity, how did the Jews organize themselves? | they founded small states that paid tribute to larger empires |
| What is the Torah? | the Israelite holy scriptures |
| In Palestine, the Phoenician's kingdom was _____ of the Israelites' kingdom. | north |
| What did the Phoenicians generally show the most interest in? | commercial opportunities |
| According to archaeological evidence, the Israelites | formed small kingdoms in Palestine after 1000 BCE |
| Why did the Phoenicians focus on trade instead of political power? | their lands were too small to support the agriculture necessary to build a strong state |
| A series of prophets urged the Israelites to rededicate themselves to their faith and renounced all of the following EXCEPT | adultery |
| In which field was Jewish influence most significant? | religious tradition |
| What name did the Phoenicians use for themselves? | canaanites |
| In the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians created a series of | commercial colonies |
| True or false: The success of Phoenician culture was largely due to their strong unified monarchy. | false |
| The Phoenician female diety Astarte, like her Sumerian counterpart Inanna or Babylonian counterpart Ishtar, was associated with | fertility |
| Which of the following statements about Phoenician trade is accurate? | the phoenicians' trading networks spread their influence throughout the region |
| Why was the Phoenician script important? | it was so much easier to learn than cuneiform |
| What is the most likely explanation for the similarities among Indo-European languages? | speakers of indo-european languages were descended from a single group of ancestors |
| How far did the Phoenicians travel in search of raw materials? | only to the azores islands and the west coast of africa |
| Phoenician _____ came mostly from Mesopotamia. | gods |
| In what type of area did Indo-European peoples originally live? | steppes |
| Which of the following statements about Phoenician writing are accurate? | it was later adapted by greeks and romans, it spread to lands where the phoenicians traded, it was based on consonants |
| Indo-European languages often have | similarities in vocabulary and grammatical structure but different pronunciations and spellings. |
| True or false: Indo-European peoples were usually conquered or otherwise dominated when they migrated. | false |
| During which time period did intermittent Indo-European migrations occur? | 3000-1000 BCE |
| The Indo-European peoples were originally primarily | herders |
| Which of the following was adopted by the Hittites from Mesopotamian practices? | cuneiform writing |
| What kind of advantage did horses primarily give Indo-European peoples? | military |
| What was the primary means by which Indo-European peoples expanded their territory? | by gradual and intermittent migrations |
| The two technological innovations that the Hittites were responsible for were light, horse-drawn war chariots and | the refinement of iron metallurgy |
| True or false: The Hittites were a trading power not interested in military conquest. | false |
| Refinements of iron metallurgy techniques by the Hittites allowed them to | cheaply create large numbers of stronger weapons |
| What evidence does the text cite for how we know that Indo-Europeans reached the Tarim Basin? | mummies with indo-european physical features |
| Where was the first wave of Indo-European western migrations to? | greece |
| An innovation that the Hittites used on their chariots was ______ wheels. | spoked |
| How did the Medes, Persians, and Indo-Aryans differ from the Celts? | they built powerful states |
| What made the spread of Hittite iron forging techniques especially rapid after 1200 B.C.E.? | the dispersal of hittite craftsmen after the collapse of the hittite empire |
| Indo-Europeans migrated east as far as | china |
| How were the Indo-European Celtic peoples of Europe organized? | they had no cities or states but did have social classes, trade, and technology |
| The Medes and Persians were the names of the Indo-European peoples who migrated into | iran |
Created by:
SarahVD
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