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Cardiovascular PP
| definition | term |
|---|---|
| carries blood away from heart | artery |
| carries blood toward heart | vein |
| all capillaries except those in lungs | systemic |
| exchange vessels | capillaries |
| smallest vessels in body | capillaries |
| All arteries carry oxygenated blood | false |
| contracting phase of heart beat | systole |
| period of relaxation of heart | diastole |
| amount of blood pumped out of L. ventricle every minute | cardiac output |
| term for amount of blood pumped out each beat | stroke volume |
| carries venous blood back to heart from lower part of body | inferior vena cava |
| valve between R atrium and R ventricle | tricuspid |
| valve between 2 L chamberes | mitral |
| gas exchange between blood and tissues | internal respiration |
| external respiration occurs between | pulmonary capillaries and lungs |
| neurotransmitter for sympathetic nervous system | epinephrine |
| neurotransmitter for parasympathetic nervous system | acetylcholine |
| caused from fat and plaque build ups in vessels; | coronary artery disease |
| severe pain with sensation of constriction around heart due to ischemia causing lack of oxygen | angina pectoris |
| •Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction to circulation | ischemia |
| •Area of tissue within organ or part that under-goes necrosis (death) following loss of its blood supply | infarction |
| fatty substance deposited in wall of artery that bulges in and narrows lumen causing ischemia. A plaque | atheroma |
| yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery | plaque |
| blood test to check levels of proteins specific to heart muscle. Increases may indicate myocardial damage (infarction) | cardiac biomarkers |
| test utilizing dye injected thru catheter in heart vessels to look for areas of narrowing to determine extent (if any) of CAD | cardiac catheterization |
| •injecting dye and taking x-ray to evaluate blood flow thru the vessel | angiography |
| On EKG P wave represents | atrial depolarizatin |
| QRS respresents | ventricular depolarization |
| T wave represents | ventricular repolarization |
| stainless steel device implanted in vessel to expand lumen for better blood flow. | stent |
| Open-heart surgery in which blood vessel from another location in body (often a leg vein) is grafted to route blood around blocked coronary artery | coronary artery bypass graft |
| failure of the L ventricle as a pump resulting in reduced outflow of blood. | congestive heart failure |
| •attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing most commonly at night in which the person awakens from sleep | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| •sudden attack | Paroxysmal |
| inability to breathe easily unless sitting up | orthopnea |
| untreated CHF leads to | pulmonary edema |
| R. ventricular failure due to chronic (long term) lung disease and hypoxemia | cor pulmonale |
| •total body swelling (extreme cases) | anasarca |
| An autoimmune response from a streptococcal infection, | rheumatic fever |
| •squeezing of the heart due to build up of fluid in pericardial sac resulting in heart not being able to pump blood | cardiac tamponade |
| irregular heart beat | arrhythmia/dysrhthmia |
| out of place | ectopic |
| quivering of heart muscle | fibrillation |
| use of electricity to restore heart rhythm | cardioversion |
| small device that's placed under the skin of the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. | pacemaker |
| pacemaker of heart | SA node |
| spread throughout the heart muscle and cause contraction of heart | purkinje fibers |
| subjective feeling that heart is racing/pounding | palpitations |
| procedure to cause scarring or destroying tissue in your heart to disrupt faulty electrical signals causing the arrhythmia | ablation |
| irregular heartbeat originating in upper chambers and out of coordination with ventricles leading to palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness. | atrial fib |
| If left untreated progresses rapidly into V. fib | v. tach |
| extra, abnormal heartbeats that begin in the ventricles, or lower pumping chambers, and disrupt your regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing you to feel a skipped beat or palpitations. | PVC's |
| heart rhythm problem that occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes pumping chambers in your heart (the ventricles) to quiver uselessly, instead of pumping blood, leading to Cardiac Arrest | v. fib |
| no heart activity on EKG | asystole |
| •Procedure that converts serious irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, by giving electric shocks to heart using instrument called defibrillator | defibrillation |
| Condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through valve when heart chamber contracts; | valve prolapse |
| •To flow backward; in cardiovascular system this refers to backflow of blood through a valve | regurgitation |
| Condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff and are unable to open fully (making it difficult for blood to flow through) or shut tightly (allowing blood to flow backward | valvular stenosis |
| •a vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta that is only open during fetal life | ductus arteriosus |
| •an opening between the two atria only during fetal life | foramen ovale |
| •Hole, present at birth, in septum between two heart chambers | septal defect |
| •Combination of four congenital anomalies: | |
| • | tetralogy of Fallot |
| •Weakness in wall of artery resulting in localized widening of artery | aneurysm |
| •Surgical joining together of two hollow structures | anastomosis |
| •Any detached, traveling mass carried by circulation capable of clogging an arterial capillary bed at a distant site from the place of origin | embolus |
| blood clot that does not move | thrombus |
| Any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulse | peripheral vascular disease |
| intermittent pain in legs due to poor circulation | claudication |
| Periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities of body, especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful; attacks are brought on by arterial con-striction due to extreme cold or emotional stress | Raynaud's phenomenon |
| Swollen and distended veins, usually in legs | varicose veins |
| use of hardening agents to treat varicose veins; | sclerotherapy |
| occlusion or bleeding of vessels in the brain causing varying amounts of damage | stroke/CVA |
| surgery that removes plaque buildup from inside a carotid artery which is done to restore normal blood flow to the brain to prevent a stroke. | carotid endarterectomy |
| A sound, in addition to normal heart sounds, arising from blood flowing through heart; extra sound may or may not indicate a heart abnormality | murmur |
| fainting due to low cardiac output/blood pressure | syncope |
| life threateningly low blood pressure | shock |
| •blood test to check for level of two proteins released into blood when myocardial cells die; used as "biomarker" to diagnose possible myocardial injury; routinely assessed when MI suspected to help confirm or rule out. Released within 3-4 hours and remai | troponin |
Created by:
hope hanks
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